C1q/TNF-Related Protein 9 Inhibits Coxsackievirus B3-Induced Injury in Cardiomyocytes through NF-κB and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 by Modulating THBS1

Figure 1

CTRP9 was poorly expressed in viral myocarditis. (a, b) Children with VMC were included in the VMC group (), and those who have recovered from VMC were included in the control group (). qRT-PCR was used to measure the expression of CTRP9 mRNA in serum, while ELISA was used to determine CTRP9 protein contents in serum. (c) H9c2 cells were infected with CVB3 ( pfu/mL) for 24 h, 48 h, or 72 h; H9c2 cardiomyocytes that didn't infect with CVB3 were. Cell proliferation was measured by CCK-8 assay. (d) Apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry. (e) After treated with CVB3 for 48 h, the secretion levels of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, in the medium of H9c2 cells were measured by ELISA; nontreated H9c2 cells performed as the control. (f) The mRNA expression of fibrosis-related genes, including fibronectin, collagen I, and collagen III, was detected by qRT-PCR. (g, h) The expression of CTRP9 mRNA and protein was measured by qRT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. vs. the control group. All the experiments were repeated at least three times. VMC: viral myocarditis; CVB3: coxsackievirus B3; CCK-8: Cell Counting Kit-8; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor α; IL-6: interleukin 6; IL-1β: interleukin 1β; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

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