A High Level of Circulating Valine Is a Biomarker for Type 2 Diabetes and Associated with the Hypoglycemic Effect of Sitagliptin

Table 2

Correlation coefficient of clinical characteristics associated with plasma valine concentration in the study individuals.

	Plasma valine		Plasma valine (age- and sex-adjusted)
		value		value
Age (year)	0.008	0.963	—	—
Sex (M/F)	0.133	0.421	—	—
BMI (kg/m^2)	-0.225	0.168	-0.210	0.212
HbA1c (%, mmol/mol)	0.231	0.156	0.273	0.103
FPG (mmol/L)	0.322	0.046	0.340	0.040
2hPG (mmol/L)	0.277	0.088	0.301	0.071
Insulin (mU/L)	-0.123	0.456	-0.126	0.457
HOMA-IR	-0.026	0.873	-0.027	0.873
HOMA-β	-0.279	0.085	-0.299	0.073
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	0.069	0.674	0.076	0.654
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	0.063	0.703	0.070	0.679
HDL-C (mmol/L)	0.019	0.907	0.002	0.989
LDL-C (mmol/L)	0.054	0.743	0.074	0.664

BMI, body mass index; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; 2hPG, 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance; HOMA-β, homeostasis model assessment for beta-cell function; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Correlations between valine concentration and clinical characteristics were analyzed by Pearson’s analysis or an age- and sex-adjusted partial correlation test, while the correlation between valine concentration and sex was analyzed by Spearman’s analysis.