Whole-Body Cryotherapy Decreases the Levels of Inflammatory, Oxidative Stress, and Atherosclerosis Plaque Markers in Male Patients with Active-Phase Ankylosing Spondylitis in the Absence of Classical Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Table 3

Levels of lipid peroxidation parameters, total oxidative status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) (mean value ± standard deviation (SD)) in AS patients before and after the completion of a cycle of ten whole-body cryotherapy procedures with subsequent kinesiotherapy (WBC group) or a cycle of ten kinesiotherapy procedures only (KT group), with statistical analyses. (p): plasma; (s): serum; (e): erythrocyte lysates; Δ: difference prior to post treatment.

Parameters		WBC group	KT group
MDA (p) (μmol/l)	Before	2.54 ± 0.52	2.32 ± 0.60	0.272
	After	2.30 ± 0.75	2.41 ± 0.83	0.715
		0.278	0.959
	Δ	−0.24 ± 0.81	0.09 ± 1.04	0.331
MDA (e) (nmol/gHb)	Before	0.17 ± 0.04	0.18 ± 0.02	0.418
	After	0.15 ± 0.03	0.18 ± 0.04	0.007
		0.013	0.642
	Δ	−0.02 ± 0.03	0.00 ± 0.04	0.043
ox-LDL (s) (ng/ml)	Before	249 ± 77.6	298 ± 122	0.191
	After	223 ± 100	288 ± 133	0.132
		0.301	0.84
	Δ	−25.9 ± 123	−9.6 ± 149	0.738
Anti-oxLDL ab (s) (mU/ml)	Before	465 ± 209	571 ± 426	0.382
	After	347 ± 139	490 ± 316	0.111
		0.013	0.379
	Δ	−118 ± 178	−80.5 ± 323	0.687
TOS (s) (μmol/l)	Before	26.54 ± 4.45	23.94 ± 11.60	0.414
	After	12.09 ± 2.55	24.41 ± 6.24	<0.001
		<0.001	0.605
	Δ	−14.45 ± 4.83	0.46 ± 9.11	<0.001
OSI (p/s) (arbitrary unit)	Before	24.10 ± 15.94	18.87 ± 11.30	0.294
	After	8.20 ± 6.76	23.65 ± 15.68	0.002
		0.003	0.301
	Δ	−15.90 ± 16.82	4.78 ± 13.88	0.001

: statistical significance of differences between both groups of patients; : statistical significance of differences between values before and after treatment in particular groups of patients.