Diabetes Mellitus and Liver Surgery: The Effect of Diabetes on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation

Figure 2

Inflammatory mechanisms underlying the promotion of liver damage and impaired regeneration after liver surgery in association with DM. The illustration shows the molecular events subsequent to the surgical procedure performed on the diabetic liver, inducing the participation of inflammatory cells and consequent cytokine production, leading to liver injury and regeneration. TA, adipose tissue; AGE, advanced glycation end products; RAGE, receptor for AGE; IL-6, interleukin-6; IL-10, interleukin-10; TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor-α; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; JAK, Janus kinase; STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; CHOP, C/EBP homologous protein; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa B; COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2; PH, partial hepatectomy; I/R, ischaemia-reperfusion.