Protective Effects of Methotrexate against Proatherosclerotic Cytokines: A Review of the Evidence

<div>Intracellular effects of methotrexate. DHFR: dihydrofolate reductase; TYMS: thymidylate synthase; ATIC: aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) transformylase; FAICAR: 5-formamidoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribotide; IMP: inosine monophosphate; AMP: adenosine monophosphate; AMPK: 5<svg height="11.4859pt" id="M1" style="vertical-align:-0.04979992pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -11.4361 3.89517 11.4859" width="3.89517pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,0,-5.741)"><path d="M310 541L304 571C290 586 211 619 185 610L80 76L131 52L310 541Z" id="g50-31"></path></g></svg> adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase; ADA: adenosine deaminase; 5<svg height="11.4859pt" id="M2" style="vertical-align:-0.04979992pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -11.4361 3.89517 11.4859" width="3.89517pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,0,-5.741)"><path d="M310 541L304 571C290 586 211 619 185 610L80 76L131 52L310 541Z" id="g50-31"></path></g></svg>-NT: 5<svg height="11.4859pt" id="M3" style="vertical-align:-0.04979992pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -11.4361 3.89517 11.4859" width="3.89517pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,0,-5.741)"><path d="M310 541L304 571C290 586 211 619 185 610L80 76L131 52L310 541Z" id="g50-31"></path></g></svg>-nucleotidase; −: inhibition; +: activation.</div>

Mediators of Inflammation

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Figure 2

Figure 2: Protective Effects of Methotrexate against Proatherosclerotic Cytokines: A Review of the Evidence 