Review Article
Unraveling the Complex Relationship Triad between Lipids, Obesity, and Inflammation
Table 1
Lipid signaling molecules and their actions in obesity related inflammation.
| Inflammation | Resolution | Omega-6 fatty acid mediated marker | Omega-3 fatty acid mediated marker | Fatty acid | Enzyme | Proinflammatory marker | Action triggered | Fatty acid | Enzyme | Anti-inflammatory marker | Action triggered |
| | | PGD1 | Proarrhythmic | | | PGD3 | Antiarrhythmic | | | PGE1 | | | PGE3 | | COX | | | | COX | | | | | PGF1 | | | | PGF3 | Antithrombotic | | TXA1 | | | PGI3 | Antiplatelet | | | | | | | TXA3 | aggregation | DGLA | | | | EPA | | TXB3 | | | | | | | | | | | | LTA3 | | | | LTA5 | Dilation of blood vessels | | LOX | LTC3 | Constriction of blood | | | LTB5 | | | LTD3 | vessels | | LOX | LTC5 | | | | | | | LTD5 | | | | | | | LTE5 |
| | COX | PGD2 PGE2 PGF2 PGI2 TXA2 | Prothrombotic, platelet aggregation via thromboxane A2 receptor | | | LIPOXINS | Act upon PPARs, GPCRs | | | | HETE | Inhibits free radical production | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | AA | | | | EPA | CyP | | | | | | | | | | | | | 5HPETE—5HETE—EETs | | | | DHETs | Improve vascular tone and renal function and reduce hypertension | | | | Leukocyte activation | | | | | | LOX | LTA4 | | | | Resolvins | Blocking PMN filtration, by inhibiting TNFα | | | LTB4 | Vasoconstriction, bronchoconstriction via the BLT1 and BLT2 receptors | | | Protectins | | | LTC4 | | | Maresins | | | LTD4 | | | | | | LTE4 | | | | |
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Arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), gamma linolenic acid (GLA), DGLA-dihomo gamma linolenic acid (DGLA), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF), leukotriene (LT), prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxane (TXA), lipoxins (LXs), resolvins (Rvs), D series protectins (PDs), cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX), and hydroxy eicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs).
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