Review Article

Cytokines and Cytokine Profiles in Human Autoimmune Diseases and Animal Models of Autoimmunity

Table 2

DNA microarray studies on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), psoriasis, and systemic sclerosis (SSc).

DiseaseGene expression in affected tissueTissue Array typeReferences

SLEOASL ↑, LY6E ↑, MX1 ↑, PRKR ↑, ICAM1 ↑, SCYA3 ↑, XIAPAF1 ↑, LCK , TCR , CD1C PBMC of control and SLE patientsU95A microarray, Affymetrix[54]
TNFSF10 ↑, TNFSF10C ↑, TNFSF10D IL-1 ↑, IL-1 ↑, IL1R2 ↑, IL1RAP ↑, IL-8 ↑, CXCR1 ↑, CXCR2 ↑, FcγR1 ↑, IL-16 , CCR7PBMC of control and SLE patientscDNA microarray, 375 cytokine-/ chemokine-related cDNAs[51]
TRIP14 ↑, OAS1 ↑, TAP1 ↑, TRAIL ↑, MX1 ↑, MX2 ↑, XIAPAF1 ↑, IFIT4 ↑, MCP-1 ↑, DC-LAMP ↑, TCR , DAP3 PBMC of SLE patients and controlsU95A microarray, Affymetrix, 12 600 probes sets[55]
IFN- ↑, IFIT1 ↑, IFIT2 ↑, IFIT4 ↑, OAS1 ↑, OAS2 ↑, OASL ↑, LY6E ↑, TCR , TCR PBMC of SLE patients and controlsU95A microarray, Affymetrix, 12 600 probes sets[56]

PsoriasisS100A2 ↑*), S100A7-A9 ↑, IL-8 ↑, DEFB2 ↑, CD68 ↑, CD47 ↑, ECGF1 ↑, ANXA1 ↑, KRT15 , MT1L Normal, univolved and involved skinU95A microarray, Affymetrix, 12 600 probes sets[57]
S100A7 ↑, S100A9 ↑, S100A12 ↑, FABP5 ↑, DEFB2 ↑, MMP12 ↑, CD47 ↑, STAT1 ↑, TNXA , TIMP3 Univolved and involved skinHuGeneFL microarray, Affymetrix, 7 000 probe sets[58]
S100A7-A9 ↑, IL-8 ↑, ECGF1 ↑, PBEF ↑, STAT1 ↑, SCYA2 ↑, SCYA19 ↑, SCYA21 ↑, SDF ↑, CDKN1C , SCYA27 , ITGB1 Normal, univolved and involved skinU95A-E microarrays, Affymetrix, 63 000 probe sets[59]

SScCALR ↑, COL15A1 ↑, NID2 ↑, CTGF ↑, FKBP1A ↑, CDH5 ↑, CD14 ↑, CD31 ↑, FGF7, FGFR1, SCYA19 ↑,THY1 ↑, CD53 ↑, IGHG3 ↑, BMP10 , WIF-1 Involved, uninvolved and normal skinU95A microarray, Affymetrix, 12 625 probes sets[60]
CENPE ↑, CDC7 ↑, CDT1↑, FGF5↑, TNFRSF12A ↑, TRIP ↑, NICN1 ↑, SYT6 ↑, SMAD1 , IL-15 , CXCL5 , FBLN 1 and 2 Different subtypes of SSc patientsOligonucleotide microarrays, 44 000 probes, Agilent Technologies[61]
COLA7 ↑, COLA18 ↑, CD44 ↑, MT1A ↑, MT1B ↑, MTIX ↑, DSP ↑, PDGFC ↑, FGFRL1 ↑, VEGFB , SGK , PTX3 Fibroblast cultures of SSc patients and controlsSpotted oligonucleotide microarrays, 16 600 probes[62]

rrows indicate upregulated (↑) or downregulated () gene expression in tissues/cells from affected patients compared with same tissues/cells from control patients.