The Demographics of Canine Hip Dysplasia in the United States and Canada

Table 1

Prevalence of CHD by demographic variables.

Parameter	All	CHD versus no CHD					Bilateral versus unilateral CHD					Right versus left unilateral CHD
		Dogs without CHD	Dogs with CHD	% CHD	% without CHD	value	Bilateral; CHD	Unilateral CHD	% bilateral	% unilateral	value	Left CHD	Right CHD	% left	% right	value
All dogs	914,274	771,978	142,296	15.56	84.44	—	95,376	46,918	67.03	32.97	—	21,657	18,140	54.42	45.58	—
Sex
Female	582,990	490,884	92,106	15.80	84.20	<10^−6	17,079	50,189	65.97	34.03	<10^−6	8,039	6,444	55.51	44.49	0.001
Male	331,281	281,091	50,190	15.15	84.85		29,839	92,105	67.60	32.40		13,618	11,696	53.80	46.20
AKC group
Herding	181,497	153,857	27,640	15.23	84.77	<10^−6	9,770	27,639	64.65	35.35	<10^−6	4,346	3,922	52.56	47.44	<10^−6
Hound	24,017	21,490	2,527	10.52	89.48		782	2,527	69.05	30.95		359	307	53.90	46.10
Working	217,397	178,178	39,219	18.04	81.96		12,215	39,219	68.85	31.15		5,076	4,898	50.89	49.11
Sporting	404,008	343,284	60,724	15.03	84.97		20,628	60,723	66.03	33.97		10,006	7,694	56.53	43.47
Nonsporting	51,153	44,226	6,927	13.54	86.46		2,005	6,927	71.06	28.94		1,031	238	81.25	18.75
Terrier	19,234	16,812	2,422	12.59	87.41		633	2,422	73.86	26.14		341	238	58.89	41.11
Toy	11,005	9,197	1,808	16.43	83.57		497	1,808	72.51	27.49		277	194	58.81	41.19
Native	36	32	4	11.11	88.89		2	4	50.00	50.00		1	1	50.00	50.00
Hybrid	2,514	1,973	541	21.52	78.48		196	541	63.77	36.23		117	66	63.93	36.07
Miscellaneous	3,413	2,929	484	14.18	85.82		190	484	60.74	39.26		103	77	57.22	42.78
FCI group
Sheep and cattle	185,969	157,713	28,256	15.19	84.81	<10^−6	18,250	10,005	64.59	35.41	<10^−6	4,465	4,004	52.72	47.28	<10^−6
Pinscher Schnauzer, molossoid, and Swiss Mtn/cattle dog	176,144	140,164	35,980	20.43	79.57		24,919	11,061	69.26	30.74		4,571	4,462	50.60	49.40
Terrier	14,542	12,374	2,168	14.91	85.09		1,623	545	74.86	25.14		291	209	58.20	41.80
Dachshund	70	63	7	10.00	90.00		7	0	100.00	0.00		0	0	—	—
Spitz and primitive	64,683	58,132	6,551	10.13	89.87		4,588	1,963	70.04	29.96		915	740	55.29	44.71
Scent hounds	16,509	14,782	1,727	10.46	89.54		1,207	520	69.89	30.11		238	200	54.34	45.66
Pointing dogs	71,170	63,403	7,767	10.91	89.09		5,045	2,721	64.96	35.04		1,293	1,073	54.65	45.35
Retrievers, flushers, and water dogs	340,551	286,489	54,062	15.87	84.13		35,797	18,265	66.21	33.79		8,912	6,746	56.92	43.08
Companion and toy dogs	37,085	32,071	5,014	13.52	86.48		3,484	1,530	69.49	30.51		815	586	58.17	41.83
Sighthounds	5,129	4,860	269	5.24	94.76		148	121	55.02	44.98		48	54	47.06	52.94
Latitude
<30°N	43,929	34,779	9,150	20.83	79.17	<10^−6	6,428	2,721	70.26	29.74	<10^−6	1,172	1,074	52.18	47.82	0.0037
30–39°N	404,336	343,861	60,475	14.96	85.04		40,594	19,880	67.13	32.87		9,131	7,865	53.72	46.28
40–49°N	425,790	357,670	68,120	16.00	84.00		45,283	22,837	66.48	33.52		10,650	8,619	55.27	44.73
50°N	37,506	33,364	4,142	11.04	88.96		2,777	1,365	67.04	32.96		655	546	54.54	45.46
Season of birth
Autumn	215,003	182,842	32,161	14.96	85.04	<10^−6	21,362	10,798	66.42	33.58	0.0016	5,020	4,099	55.05	44.95	0.10
Winter	218,849	183,276	35,573	16.25	83.75		23,695	11,878	66.61	33.39		5,582	4,555	55.07	44.93
Spring	255,064	213,377	41,687	16.34	83.66		28,146	13,540	67.52	32.48		6,151	5,278	53.82	46.18
Summer	225,358	192,483	32,875	14.59	85.41		22,173	10,702	67.45	32.55		4,904	4,208	53.82	46.18