Globalization and urbanization of endemic diseases represent major challenges in developed and underdeveloped countries. Massive migration within and between the countries (such as migration within Eastern Europe with the opening of borders) allowed the coexistence of infectious and noninfectious diseases in urban and periurban centers, contributing to increase their morbidity and mortality.

The migration from rural areas to great cities, in the context of socioeconomical disparities and poor basic sanitary infrastructure and low access to preventive medicine, involves vulnerable groups of migrants and brings about new potentials for transmission of these diseases.

In parallel to their transmission, the reactivation of these diseases under immunosuppressive therapy (transplantation, autoimmune diseases, and cancer) represents a new challenge in urban centers. International tourist arrivals increased worldwide, and exposition of travelers with and without comorbidities to endemic diseases needs to be considered.

We are interested in articles that explore infectious diseases and/or their interaction with chronic diseases in the context of globalization and urbanization and their consequences for the health care of immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients. Potential topics include, but are not limited to:

• Globalization and urbanization of endemic diseases:
  • Migration within and between the countries: tourism and adoption
  • Comorbidities: infectious (acute and chronic) and noninfectious chronic diseases (malnutrition, hypovitaminoses, arterial hypertension, diabetes, etc.)
  • Access to health care and preventive medicine
• Old endemic/neglected diseases: new agents, new forms of transmission, new diagnosis methods, therapy, and prophylaxis
• Endemic/neglected diseases and comorbidities:
  • AIDS
  • Cancer
  • Oncohematologic diseases
  • Solid organ transplant and in hematopoietic cell transplant
  • Others (autoimmune disease, under immunobiological drugs, or in immunosuppressed patients not included before)
• Guidelines for the traveler under immunosuppression to tropical areas
• Prophylaxis of endogenous infection in immunosuppressed patients

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