Hepatic and Renal Toxicity Induced by TiO₂ Nanoparticles in Rats: A Morphological and Metabonomic Study

Figure 7

PLS-DA scores plot (a) derived from ¹H NMR spectra of urine samples at day 4 after the intraperitoneal administration of TiO₂ NPs at a dosage of control (black), 4g/kg BW (purple), and 16g/kg BW (red). (b) PLS-DA loadings plot corresponding to (a). A two-component PCA model was performed with a total variance of 84.8% explained (PC1 = 70.4%, PC2 = 14.4%). In the PCA score plot, 15 samples were clearly divided into three clusters marked as groups 1 (control in black), 2 (TiO₂ 4g/Kg BW in violet), and 3 (TiO₂ 16g/Kg BW in red), respectively. Plots given by the SIMCA-P+ software (version 12.0). The ellipse shows 95% confidence intervals.

(a)

(b)