The Dynamical Systems Properties of the HOG Signaling Cascade

Table 1

The MAPK pathways in S. cerevisiae. The morphological adaptation corresponds to the cell behavior in response to each specific signaling input. The major molecular actors for each pathway are indicated below. Spore cell wall assembly during sporulation is another morphogenetic process driven by a MAPK protein (Smk1p), but with little knowledge on the other proteins involved and the structure of the pathway.

External Stress	Pheromone	Starvation	Hyperosmolarity	Cell wall Stress
Morphological Adaptation
Membrane Sensors	Ste2/3	Sho1	Sln1, Sho1, Msb2, Hkr1, Opy2	Wsc1, Mid2
MAPKKK	Ste11	Ste11	Ssk2/22 & Ste11	Bck1
MAPKK	Ste7	Ste7	Pbs2	Mkk1/Mkk2
MAPK	Fus3/Kss1	Kss1	Hog1	Slt2
Transcription factors	Ste12 [22, 35]	Ste12, Tec1 [22, 35, 36]	Hot1, Sko1, Smp1, Msn2/4 [22, 28, 37, 38]	Rlm1, Swi4/6 [22, 39, 40]
Inhibition	Msg5, Ptp2, Ptp3 [21, 41, 42]	––– [21]	Ptcs, Ptp2, Ptp3 [21, 43–45]	Msg5, Ptp2, Ptp3, Sdp1 [21, 30, 46]