Evaluation of a Peak-Free Chemometric Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Method for Direct Rapid Cancer Detection via Trace Metal Biomarkers in Tissue

Table 2

Predicted concentration values of copper, manganese, magnesium, iron, and zinc in liver tissues using the artificial neural network multivariate calibration models.

Tissue	Mg (μg/g)	Mn (μg/g)	Fe (μg/g)	Cu (μg/g)	Zn (μg/g)
Liver 1	87.9 ± 9.7	18.6 ± 0.9	58.9 ± 7.7	17.6 ± 1.1	39.6 ± 3.6
Liver 2	457.1 ± 50.3	9.3 ± 0.5	121.4 ± 15.8	5.3 ± 0.3	52.1 ± 4.7
Abdominal	525.3 ± 57.8	10.0 ± 0.5	111.2 ± 14.5	7.1 ± 0.4	88.6 ± 5.3
Breast	218.3 ± 24.0	15.3 ± 0.8	100.8 ± 13.1	11.6 ± 0.7	52.5 ± 3.2