X-Ray-Induced Changes to Passivation Layers of Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes

Figure 1

Individual 1s electron spectra for (CW from top left) C, P, Si, and O for BF-Si nanoparticle electrode after 20 charge/discharge cycles in FEC solvent, displayed in increments of 25 min. of exposure to 4 keV photon flux (∼200 J of energy). Noise in the P 1s spectrum is due to the small concentration of phosphorus in the SEI and the desire to minimize data collection time.