Study PEDro score Sample Training Duration Vitamins Strength Hypertrophy Bobeuf et al. [29 ] 10 n = 48 sedentary men and women (±65.5 y)3x/wk; 7 exercises; 3 sets, 8 reps; 80% 1 RM; sit-ups included 6 months 600 mg/d vitamin E; 1000 mg/d vitamin C Data unavailable Fat-free mass gain (+1.5 kg) only in RT plus supplementation group Bobeuf et al. [28 ] 10 n = 57 sedentary men and women (±65.3 y)3x/wk; 7 exercises; 3 sets, 8 reps; 80% 1 RM; sit-ups included 6 months 600 mg/day vitamin E; 1000 mg/d vitamin C Significant and similar % 1 RM increase in RT (+65.0%) and RT plus supplementation (+78.2%) Fat-free mass gain NS between RT (+0.3 kg) and RT plus supplementation (+0.5 kg) Theodorou et al. [34 ] 9 n = 28 trained men (±25.6 y in placebo, ±26.2 y in vitamins)Isokinetic eccentric; 2x/wk; 5 sets; 15 reps; 60°/s; seated position 11 weeks with 4 weeks of training 1000 mg/d vitamin C; 400 IU/d vitamin E for 11 weeks Isometric peak torque increased similarly (15% in placebo; 18% in vitamins) in both groups Data unavailable Paulsen et al. [32 ] 9 n = 32 trained men and women (±27.0 y in vitamins, ±24.0 y in placebo)Traditional, progressive ST; 4x/wk; 3 to 4 sets; 6 to 7 exercises; 11 to 6 RM 10 weeks 1000 mg/d vitamin C; 235 mg/d vitamin E % 1 RM gain in bíceps curl greater in placebo group (+17.1 vs. +7.6); isometric force gain only in the placebo group CSA of upper (8.5 vs. 7.6%) and lower limbs (both 3.8%) increased similarly in vitamins and placebo groups The same for LBM Bjørnsen et al. [30 ] 9 n = 34 sedentary elderly men (±68.0 years)Free weight exercises; weekly undulating periodization; 3x/wk 12 weeks 1000 mg/d vitamin C; 235 mg/d vitamin E Significant and similar 1 RM increase in placebo and antioxidants groups Rectus femoris thickness increased more in placebo (+3.4 vs. +1.9 mm). The same for LBM (2.2 vs. 0.87 kg)Yfanti et al. [35 ] 8 n = 16 trained men (±24.6 y in vitamins, ±25.9 y in control)Isokinetic eccentric; 2x/wk; 5 sets; 2 min rest; 15 reps; 60°/s in seated position 9 weeks with 4 weeks of training 1000 mg/d vitamin C; 400 IU/d vitamin E for 9 weeks Significant and similar peak torque increase in placebo (+6.6%) and vitamins group (7.9%) Data unavailable Dutra et al. [33 ] 8 n = 42 untrained women (±23.7 y in vitamins, ±24.0 y in placebo, ±23.6 y in control)Traditional, progressive ST; 2x/wk; 2 to 4 sets; 4 exercises; 12 to 8 RM 10 weeks 1000 mg/d vitamin C; 400 IU/d vitamin E for 70 days Significant peak torque increases in placebo and vitamins. Only placebo was different when compared with control Rectus femoris thickness increased similarly in placebo (39.7 to 42.5 mm) and vitamins group (37.2 to 40.3 mm)