Research Article
Validity and Reliability of Elbow Range of Motion Measurements Using Digital Photographs, Movies, and a Goniometry Smartphone Application
Table 1
Validity of different measurement methods compared to UG measurements (ICC) and mean difference (∆) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) (in degrees).
| UG vs. | | Photography | Movie | Smartphone application |
| Flexion | ICC (95% CI) ∆ (95% CI) (°) | 0.71 (0.51-0.83) 0 (-1.9 to 1.9) | 0.63 (0.41-0.79) 0 (-1.9 to 1.9) | 0.57 (0.32-0.75) 0 (-2.2 to 2.2) |
| Extension | ICC (95% CI) ∆ (95% CI) (°) | 0.76 (0.58-0.87) 1 (-0.2 to 2.2) | 0.78 (0.63-0.88) 0 (-1.2 to 1.2) | 0.28 (-0.05-0.55) 5 (3.8 to 6.2) |
| Pronation | ICC (95% CI) ∆ (95% CI) (°) | 0.44 (0.15-0.66) 4 (1.5 to 6.5) | 0.45 (0.17-0.67) 2 (-0.5 to 4.5) | 0.67 (0.47-0.82) 1 (-0.5 to 2.5) |
| Supination | ICC (95% CI) ∆ (95% CI) (°) | 0.50 (0.23-0.70) 2 (-0.8 to 4.8) | 0.47 (0.18-0.68) 1 (-2.4 to 4.4) | 0.61 (0.37-0.77) 1 (-1.5 to 3.5) |
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