Monitoring Worker Exposure to COVID-19 and Other Occupational Risks Using BLE Beacons

Table 1

Comparison of real-time location system (adapted from Li et al. [27]).

Function	Technology	Author	Accuracy	Calibration	Monitoring	Indoor/outdoor
Proximity location	RFID	[21]	3.7–1.1 m	None	No	Outdoor
Localization performance	RFID	[28]	86.5–63.62 cm	None	No	Indoor
Monitoring occupancy	RFID	[29]	1.42–0.49 cm	None	Yes	Indoor
Localization jobsite	RFID	[30]	1.22–2.58 m	None	Yes	Indoor
Position tracking	UWB	[31]	10–50 cm	High	Yes	Indoor
Material and activity tracking	UWB	[19]	60 cm	High	Yes	Indoor (obstacles)
Tracking static resources	UWB	[32]	20 cm	High	Yes	Indoor (obstacles)
Tracking equipment	GPS	[22]	2.15 m	None	Yes	Outdoor
Tracking material	GPS	[33]	3.22 m	None	Yes	Outdoor
Capture unsafe behavior	Vision	[34]	88%	High	Yes	Indoor
Social distance	YOLO	[25]	Person detection	High	Yes	Both