Journal of Sensors

Review Article

A Review of Underwater Localization Techniques, Algorithms, and Challenges

Table 2

Performance evaluation of underwater acoustic networks and underwater localization schemes.
Ref.Energy consumptionNetwork lifetimeNo. of nodesTime synchronizationPacket exchange rateLoca. accuracyComm. overheadDelayError estimationLink quality
[3]X✓✓—✓✓X✓✓✓
[18]——✓X✓✓——✓—
[21]✓XXXX✓—X✓X
[26]X—✓✓✓X✓✓X—
[41]X—✓—✓✓—✓X—
[42]—XX✓X✓X—✓—
[43]X—✓✓✓X—X✓—
[44]——X✓✓✓✓—✓X
[46]X✓✓—✓✓—✓✓—
[47]X✓✓—✓✓XXX✓
[37]X✓✓✓✓✓XXX✓
[48]X—✓—✓✓XXX✓
[49]X—✓✓✓——✓—X
[51]XX✓X—XX—✓—
[53]X✓✓X✓✓XX✓✓
[56]X—✓—✓✓—✓✓—
[57]✓—✓X✓XX✓✓—
[58]X———XXX—✓—
[59]X—✓X✓✓XX✓X
[61]X—✓X✓XX✓✓X
[62]X✓✓✓—✓✓———
[63]X—✓X✓✓XX—X
[65]——✓XXX✓✓✓—
[67]X✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓X
[68]——✓—✓X——✓✓
[36]XX✓X✓✓XX✓—
[73]X✓✓X✓✓—X✓X
[74]——✓XX✓XX✓—
[75]X✓✓X✓X✓✓✓✓
[77]X✓✓X✓✓XX✓✓
[79]X——✓✓✓XX✓—
[85]X—✓✓✓✓——✓—
[89]✓—✓XX✓✓✓✓X
[91]XXXXX✓X—XX
[94]——✓X✓✓——✓—
[97]✓—✓—✓✓X—✓—