Review Article

Protein Based Nanostructures for Drug Delivery

Table 5

Various patents on protein nanoparticles.

Cited patentTitle & abstractRef. number

US8057839 B2Nanoparticulated whey proteins (Bovetto et al.)
The present invention is about the production of nanoparticulate whey protein by allowing a solution containing whey protein to a specific temperature, time and pH. The resultant whey protein formed was measured diameter of less than 1 μm. Further on freeze–drying, the whey protein nanoparticles attain similar physical and morphological properties as in solution form. These nanoparticulates were found to have protein efficiency ratio of at least 100. These nanoparticulated whey protein used as emulsifiers, fat substitute, micellar casein substitute, whitening, foaming, and texturing agent.
[39]

US9233110Protein nanocarriers for topical delivery (Perumal et al.)
The present invention is based on the development of prolamine based nanoparticulate topical formulation of retinol and its compound. The developed formulation was used to cure the skin diseases including acne, psoriasis, keratinization disorders, skin discoloration and cutaneous malignancies. The diameter of the nanoparticle ranges about 75 nm–300 nm. Phospholipids and pluronics are also used as penetration enhancers. The nanoparticles loaded with retinoid provide less irritation to the human skin, also provide chemical stability, enhances therapeutic effect, low toxicity, and less skin irritation.
[40]

EP2625966A1Nanoparticles comprising a vegetable hydrophobic protein and a water miscible non-volatile organic solvent and uses there of (Salman et al.) The current invention deals with the biocompatibility of nanoparticulate delivery system consisting nanoparticle based on vegetables hydrophobic proteins, involves zein and non-volatile organic solvents. This method shows high encapsulation efficiency for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules, and allows the successful coating of nanoparticles with polyanions.[41]

US20160220502 A1PotatoProtein Nanoparticles (Livney) This invention focus on the formulation of potato protein loaded nanoparticles, a bioactive compound having potato protein and beverages or food supplemented with the nanoparticles. For the formulation of nanoparticle loaded with potato proteins and bioactive compounds comprising in two different mixture and mix them with intensive stirring and dried them. The bioactive compound of potato protein contains an oil soluble vitamin, a polyunsaturated fatty acid, an antioxidant and omega-3-fatty acid.These bioactive compounds contains maximal aqueous solubility below 1 g/l. In other part the clear solution of bioactive ecopoumd can be made with the addition of emulsifier to make clear beverage.[42]

US20160095917Dps Fusion Proteins For Use In Vaccines And Diagnostics (Ni)
The present invention provides information regarding diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases by using Dps fusion proteins. Dps fusion proteins consisting at least one protein or peptide fused to Dps. Dps fused protein is soluble in spite of its poor solubility. Because of its thermo stability it has the capability to withstand at high temperature and also enhance immune responses.
[43]

US9,271,943Arsenic compound solution and albumin nanoparticle and lyophilized preparation entrapping arsenic compound (Lou et al.)
The invention based on the preparation of albumin nanoparticles loaded with arsenic solution and same nanoparticles were prepared by lyophilization method. The solution of arsenic compound was prepared by using arsenic powder in sterile deionized water and dripping it into NaOH solution to obtain pH 7.5–9. This mixture was dissolved in albumin solution in equal proportion. Freeze drying follws the same procedure by addition of cryoprotectant in combination of mannitol, glucose, sucrose at temperature −80 and 40C. Albumin nanoparticle with arsenic compound loaded with sodium metaarsentie by freeze drying used for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), myasthenia gravis (MG).
[44]

US9,289,499 B2Continuous flow production of gelatin nanoparticles (Van Den Broek et al.)
The invention suggests the better way for the production of gelatin based nanoparticles by improvising its reactor to micro reactor in continuous process. This method helps to enhance the productivity, mixing efficiency.
[45]

US8,968,786Formation of stable submicron peptide or protein particles by thin film freezing (Johnston et al.)
The present invention focus on the preparation method of micron sized or submicron –sized particles by dissolving in water soluble ingredient with one or more solvents in the vial and by spraying or dripping solvent droplets which is directly exposed to a vapor- liquid interface of less than 500 cm−1 area /volume and on surface droplet freezes and convert into a thin film.
[46]

US9,211,283 B2Nanoparticle carrier systems based on human serum albumin for photodynamic therapy (Langer et al.)
The invention focus on the formulation of human serum albumin (HAS) nanoparticulate for photodynamic therapy consisting a hydrophobic photosensitizer and a stabilizing agent. This formulation provide abundant therapeutic amount of photosensitizer for parenteral administration. Most widely tetrapyrrole derivatives can be used as photosensitizer as it provides safe and effective formulation of nanoparticles. The prepared formulation is useful in treatment of hyperplasic and neoplasic conditions.
[47]

US8911786 B2Nanoparticle comprising rapamycin and albumin as anticancer agent (Desai et al.)
The present invention provide the knowledge the methods, treatment, prevention or delaying cancer by administering nanoparticle consisting rapamycin loaded in protein carrier that is albumin for effective treatment.
[48]