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Mechanism of action | Candidates |
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First-generation microbicide (GEN-1) |
Viral disrupting agents | C-31G (savvy), nonoxynol-9, octoxynol-9, benzalkonium chloride, octyl glycerol/milk lipids, polybiguanides, sodium dodecyl sulphate, Z-14 (acylcarnitine analogue), and so forth. |
|
Second-generation microbicide (GEN-2) |
Blocking HIV binding | Carrageenan, cellulose sulfate, naphthalene sulfonate, PRO 2000/5, dextrin-2-sulfate, heparan sulfate/cholic acid, polyanionic Gp120 inhibitors, polystyrene sulfonate, and so forth. |
|
New-generation microbicide |
gp120-binding agents | mAb b12, CD IgG2, and BMS-806 |
Gp41-binding agents | T-20 (enfuvirtide), mAb 2F5, 4E10, and T1249 |
Targeting soluble CD4 receptor | mAb (TNX-355), soluble CD4-IgG |
Targeting CXCR4 coreceptor | AMD3100, AMD070 small molecules antagonists |
Targeting CCR5 coreceptor | PRO-140, PSC-RANTES |
Dendritic cell uptake inhibitor | DC-SIGN and macrophage mannose binding receptor |
NNRTI (nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors) | MIV-150, TMC120, UC781, and S-DABO |
NtRTIs (nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors) | PMPA (tenofovir) |
Integrase inhibitors | S-1360, C-731 |
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