Review Article

Clinical Presentation of Preeclampsia and the Diagnostic Value of Proteins and Their Methylation Products as Biomarkers in Pregnant Women with Preeclampsia and Their Newborns

Table 1

Symptoms presented by patients with mild and severe PE. The diagnosis of any form of PE requires the presentation of both hypertension and proteinuria. This may be accompanied by a multitude of other symptoms if the PE is severe [8, 9].

SymptomMild PESevere PE

Blood PressureSystolic ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic ≥90 mm Hg, over 20 weeks of gestation (in a woman with previously normal blood pressure)Systolic ≥160 mm Hg or diastolic ≥110 mm Hg (on two occasions at least six hours apart; in a woman on bed rest)

Proteinuria24-hour urine collection protein ≥0.3 g (urine dipstick test ≥1+)24-hour urine collection protein ≥5 g (urine dipstick test ≥3+; in two random urine samples collected at least four hours apart)

OthersN.A.(i) Oliguria
(ii) Cerebral or visual disturbances
(iii) Pulmonary oedema or cyanosis
(iv) Epigastric or right upper quadrant pain
(v) Impaired liver function
(vi) Thrombocytopenia
(vii) Intrauterine growth restriction