Review Article

Posttraumatic Stress and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder after Termination of Pregnancy and Reproductive Loss: A Systematic Review

Table 2

Characteristics of included studies for miscarriage (a) and miscarriage with perinatal loss/stillbirth/neonatal death (b).

Authors year, country, and author listing in reference listMethodsReproductive loss, Participants, and control for Prereproductive lossOutcomes measurementsQuality

(a) Characteristics of included studies for miscarriage

(28) Alderman et al. (1998), USA [83]RMiscarriage 19 couples
Prereproductive loss mental health parameters statistically not controlled
IES

(29) Bowles et al. (2006), USA [84]P, LMiscarriage 25
Prereproductive loss mental health parameters statistically not controlled
Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale

(30) Engelhard et al. (2003a), The Netherlands [54]
Note. This study was chosen over [3337]  because of the largest number of reported participants/reported the most data.
P, LMiscarriage 118
Prereproductive loss mental health parameters statistically controlled
Posttraumatic Symptom Scale

(31) Johnson and Puddifoot (1996), UK [85]PMiscarriage 126 men
Prereproductive loss mental health parameters statistically not controlled
IES

(32) Lee et al. (1996), UK [86]P, IMiscarriage 39
Prereproductive loss mental health parameters statistically controlled
IES

(33) Rowsell et al. (2001), UK [87]P, IMiscarriage 37
Prereproductive loss mental health parameters statistically not controlled
IES

(34) Séjourné et al. (2010), France [88]P, IMiscarriage 134
Prereproductive loss mental health parameters statistically not controlled for PTS
IES-R

(35) Serrano and Lima (2006), Portugal [89]RMiscarriage 30 women and 30 men
Prereproductive loss mental health parameters statistically not controlled
IES

(36) Sham et al. (2010), Hong Kong [90]P, LMiscarriage 161
Prereproductive loss mental health parameters statistically controlled
Structural clinical interview for DSM-IV

(37) Walker and Davidson (2001), UK [91]PMiscarriage 40
Prereproductive loss mental health parameters statistically controlled
IES

(b) Miscarriage and perinatal/stillbirth/neonatal death

(38) Armstrong (2004), USA [92]PMiscarriage and Perinatal loss 40 expectant couples
Prereproductive loss mental health parameters statistically not controlled
IES

(39) Forray et al. (2009), USA [93]PMiscarriage; perinatal loss/neonatal loss/other complications 76 pregnant women, of which 18 underwent interviews
Prereproductive loss mental health parameters statistically not controlled
(Modified Clinical administered PTSD Scale (m-CAPS))

(40) Jind (2001), Denmark [94]RMiscarriage/perinatal, stillbirth, and neonatal death/infant loss
602 parents
Prereproductive loss mental health parameters statistically not controlled
IES, Harvard trauma Questionnaire

(41) Jind (2003), Denmark [95]P, LMiscarriage, perinatal loss, stillbirth, and neonatal death/infant loss; 93 parents at the first measurement, 65 parents at the second measurement
Prereproductive loss mental health parameters statistically not controlled
The Harvard Trauma Questionnaire

(42) O‘leary (2005), USA [96]QMiscarriage, perinatal loss, stillbirth and infant loss; 12 expecting mothers and 9 expecting fathers Qualitative Interviews.