Association of Lifestyle and Food Consumption with Bone Mineral Density among People Aged 50 Years and Above Attending the Hospitals of Kathmandu, Nepal

Table 4

Association of different variables with BMD.

Variables	No osteoporosis	Osteoporosis	Bivariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
			p-value	COR(95%CI)	p-value	AOR(95%CI)
Sex
Male	29	9		Ref		Ref
Female	77	54	0.049	2.260(0.990-5.516)	0.017	3.339(1.240-8.995)
Age
50-59 years	54	13		Ref		Ref
60 years and above	52	50	<0.001	3.994(1.946-8.200)	0.001	3.756 (1.745-8.085)
BMI
Normal	34	37	0.001	3(1.6-5.7)	0.020	2.339(1.141-4.795)
Overweight/obese	72	26		Ref		Ref
Smoking
Yes	9	12	0.04	2.534(1.002-6.417)	0.026	3.848(1.179-12.558)
No	97	51		Ref		Ref
Alcohol consumption
Yes	40	13	0.021	0.429(0.208-0.886)	0.143	0.525 (0.221-1.244)
No	66	50		Ref		Ref
Daily exercise
Yes	48	19	0.052	0.522(0.270-1.010)	—	—
No	58	44		Ref
Tea consumption
Yes	95	54	0.447	0.659(0.271-1.782)
No	11	9		Ref	—	—

denotes significant variables, P-value < 0.05, for bivariate analysis.
denotes significant variables, P-value < 0.05, for multivariate analysis.
COR: crude odds ratio.
AOR: adjusted odds ratio.
Ref: reference category.