Refractive errors and related visual disorders represent a global health trait that, at some point in life, will affect the great majority of the population worldwide. Even low amounts of refractive error are related to a decrease in quality of life and could compromise basic daily activities. At the same time, moderate and/or severe refractive errors imply a clear visual impairment that could even impede those basic activities. It is important to note that in most developed countries, refractive errors and presbyopia can be corrected with ophthalmic lenses, contact lenses, and refractive surgeries. The substantial rates of visual disorders drive extraordinary amounts of scientific and economic resources in those areas.

However, in developing and least developed countries, visual impairment has strong socio-economic consequences because only a low percentage of the population has enough resources for solving health disorders. It has a great impact both on individuals and the community. The VISION 2020 global initiative launched by the World Health Organization in 1999, was created to eliminate avoidable blindness by the year 2020. One of the main causes of avoidable blindness is uncorrected refractive errors, then the results of this global initiative are about to be analyzed and spread by the scientific community. At present, rates of myopia are increasing. At the same time, with population aging, presbyopia rates will also increase worldwide. Therefore, the correction of visual disorders is a global healthcare topic that needs further resources.

The aim of this Special Issue is to bring together original research articles and review articles focussing on refractive correction and visual restoration from all current and potential approaches. We hope that this Special Issue highlights the latest advances in the field.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• New approaches, techniques, and devices to compensate for refractive errors
• New improvements in cataract and refractive surgery
• Combination of refractive solutions and their implications
• Clinical results of novel refractive solutions
• New theoretical models to improve the depth of focus
• New theoretical model to compensate for astigmatism
• Optimal correction of refractive error
• Biomarkers for refractive error
• Advanced devices for refractive measurement and analysis
• Epidemiology and global burden of uncorrected refractive errors
• Socio-economic impact of refractive errors worldwide
• Impact of cataract surgery in developing and least developed countries
• Physiological processes for the progression of refractive error and presbyopia onset
• Myopia control to reduce refractive error