Multimodal imaging provides an efficient integration of imaging techniques to improve clinical assessment, diagnostic performance, and monitoring of specific morphological and functional findings. The combination of different imaging modalities and technological advances provides further insights in the identification of retinal biomarkers that may serve as the hallmark of specific histopathological features.

These biomarkers help in the early detection of particular ocular and systemic disorders as well as provide predictors for functional and anatomical outcomes or late-stage complications in several retinal and systemic diseases. Retinal biomarkers and predictors have been identified in a myriad of ocular pathologies including age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion, uveitis, and glaucoma, but also neurological disorders as Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, and Parkinson’s disease.

The purpose of this Special Issue is to report novel biomarkers and predictors, multimodal characterization, and the potential clinical and prognostic implications in various retinal diseases including age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, retinal vascular disease, uveitis, and glaucoma. For this special issue, we encourage original research with innovative and high-quality findings and state-of-the-art review articles.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Identification of novel retinal biomarkers using multimodal retinal imaging
• Predictive biomarkers for functional and anatomical outcomes in various retinal diseases and glaucomatous optic neuropathies
• Retinal biomarkers in the early diagnosis of age-related macular degeneration, retinal vascular disease, congenital retinal dystrophies, uveitis, and glaucomatous optic neuropathy
• Predictive biomarkers of inflammation or disease activity in uveitis
• Predictive biomarkers of retinal disease progression and/or predicting and monitoring the clinical response to therapy
• Structure-function correlates serving as predictors for disease progression
• New multimodal imaging findings distinctive for particular anatomical correlates
• Retinal biomarkers in neurological disorders