Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is the major cause of childhood severe visual disorders and blindness. Studies in recent decades have not only found high concentration oxygen supplementation and oxidative stress closely related to the pathogenesis of ROP but also proved the crucial pathological role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), placental growth factor (PGF), insulin-like growth factor-1（IGF-1), erythropoietin (EPO) and other factors in the pathogenesis of ROP. Based on the development of these, the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy is created. It also provides scientific guidance for the prevention and treatment of ROP and has made remarkable achievements. It greatly inspired the confidence of ROP researchers. It also indicates that the progress of clinical therapy depends on the progress of basic research. The deepening of basic research also provides more imagination space for ROP prevention and treatment.

The latest data shows that the incidence rate of ROP in very low birth weight infants and preterm infants is still very high. The prevention and treatment of ROP are still a great challenge for ophthalmologists. The solution to these challenges depends on the progress and deepening of basic research.

This Special Issue aims to provide a scholarly communication platform for the clinic and theoretical research of angiogenic regulation of ROP, which will encourage more and more ophthalmologists and basic researchers to participate in the deeper exploration of retinal angiogenic regulation, the core of ROP. We welcome original research and review articles.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Epidemiological studies to provide real data on the effectiveness of prevention and treatment improvements in recent years
• Long-term clinical efficacy and complications of anti-VEGF therapy
• Anti-placental growth factor (PGF) therapy and its complications
• Anti-insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) therapy and its complications
• Anti-erythropoietin (EPO) therapy and its complications
• Other molecular regulation therapy
• Research and development of new drugs for ROP treatment
• Retinal angiogenic regulatory factors
• The mechanism of neuronal participation in retinal angiogenesis
• Intravitreal vascular growth control
• ROP animal model, trying to solve the shortcomings of the existing oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model: nonpremature infant model and no retinal detachment
• Novel examination and diagnosis techniques to provide more easy, more precise, more economic, and more efficient methods for ROP examination