The Relationship between Complements and Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Its Pathogenesis

Figure 2

Changes in complement function accelerate the formation of MAC and activate PI3K, Fas, TNF, and other pathways. Excessive ROS and inflammatory factors are produced in retinal cells, causing cellular mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism disorders, inflammatory response, apoptosis, and autophagy response. Studies have shown that changes in the structure of the intestinal flora can also exacerbate the formation of choroidal neovascularization. The combination of the above factors exceeds the compensatory capacity and results in AMD.