Modulation of Hypoxia-Inducible Factors and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expressions by Superfood Camu-Camu (Myrciaria dubia) Treatment in ARPE-19 and Fetal Human RPE Cells

Figure 1

Inhibitory hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) activity effects of superfoods. Of seven superfoods (camu-camu, coconut, broccoli sprout, chia seed, hemp, maca, and cacao nib) after the first screening, four samples (camu-camu, chia seed, maca, and cacao nib) were shown to be positive (a). After the second screening, camu-camu was identified as a new HIF inhibitor candidate (b). Quantitative analyses of the HIF-reporter luciferase assay using ARPE-19 cells (n = 3 per group, biological). The superfoods were added at 1 mg/mL each. (a) HIF activity induced by 200 μM CoCl₂ or (b) 1% O₂ hypoxic incubation. The control was no induction of HIF activity. ^### compared with no treatment. , , and compared with MQ by (a) 200 μM of CoCl₂ treatment or (b) 1% O₂ hypoxic incubation, respectively. The bar graphs present means with the ± standard deviation. The data were analyzed using two-tailed Student’s t-test for comparison. MQ: Milli-Q® pure water; Topo: topotecan.

(a)

(b)