Efficacy and Safety of Modified Seamless Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy in Patients with Chronic Dacryocystitis

Figure 1

Methods of modified endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy. (a) Reduction of bleeding from the mucosal incision after filling with 1 mg/ml epinephrine hydrochloride, ephedrine hydrochloride, and nitrofurazone nasal drops. (b) Use of a “C”-shaped lacrimal sac incision rather than an “I”-shaped lacrimal sac incision. (c) Application of a gelatin sponge to the anastomosis of the lacrimal sac and nasal mucosa rather than suturing. (d) Filling of the lacrimal sac with a conical expansion sponge for 1 week. (e) Outcome of dacryocystorhinography. (f) Illustration of a conical expansion sponge.