Female Gender Remains a Significant Barrier to Access Cataract Surgery in South Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 2

Risk of bias of individual studies.

First author

Published year

External validity

Internal validity

Summary item

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Guruprasad et al. [19]

2013

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Low risk of bias

Shaikh and Aziz [20]

2005

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Low risk of bias

Lepcha et al. [21]

2013

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Low risk of bias

Thapa et al. [22]

2011

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Low risk of bias

Sherchan et al. [23]

2010

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Low risk of bias

Sapkota et al. [24]

2010

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Low risk of bias

Murthy et al. [25]

2009

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Low risk of bias

Jadoon et al. [26]

2007

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Low risk of bias

Anjum et al. [27]

2006

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Low risk of bias

Sapkota et al. [28]

2006

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Low risk of bias

Wadud et al. [29]

2006

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Low risk of bias

Haider et al. [30]

2003

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Low risk of bias

Nirmalan et al. [31]

2003

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Low risk of bias

Khan and Jadoon [32]

2015

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Low risk of bias

Sapkota and Limburg [33]

2012

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Low risk of bias

Muhit et al. [34]

2016

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

Low risk of bias

1 = was the study’s target population a close representation of the national population in relation to relevant variables? 2 = was the sampling frame a true or close representation of the target population? 3 = was some form of random selection used to select the sample, OR; was a census undertaken? 4 = was the likelihood of nonresponse bias minimal? 5 = were data collected directly from the subjects? 6 = was an acceptable case definition used in the study? 7 = was the study instrument that measured the parameter of interest shown to have reliability and validity? 8 = was the same mode of data collection used for all subjects? 9 = was the length of the shortest prevalence period for the parameter of interest appropriate? 10 = were the numerator and denominator for the parameter of interest appropriate?