Dry Eye Indexes Estimated by Keratograph 5M of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients without Secondary Sjögren’s Syndrome Correlate with Lupus Activity

Table 4

Demographic information of dry eye and control group.

	Dry eye group (n = 19)	Control group (n = 59)	Statistics	value
Age (years)	41 ± 11	35 ± 10	1.903	0.061
Duration (years)	4.92 ± 4.51	5.82 ± 4.27	−0.788	0.433
SLEDAI (score)	11.37 ± 8.31	5.00 ± 5.77	−3.232	0.001
ANA titer	1986.32 ± 1346.83	1402.03 ± 1429.43	−1.829	0.067
Anti-dsDNA	6	21	0.727	0.394
TMH (mm)	0.21 ± 0.05	0.22 ± 0.05	−0.914	0.364
NIKBUT-first (s)	4.78 ± 2.21	10.51 ± 6.13	−6.065	<0.01
NIKBUT-average (s)	5.77 ± 2.38	13.62 ± 5.56	−8.667	<0.01
OSDI (score)	28.66 ± 13.50	8.14 ± 7.80	6.295	<0.01

Positive ratio of anti-dsDNA in dry eye group and control group. Values are expressed as average ± standard deviation. SLEDAI = Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index. ANA = antinuclear antibody. Anti-dsDNA = anti-double-stranded DNA antibody. TMH = tear meniscus height. NIKBUT = noninvasive Keratograph tear breakup time. OSDI = Ocular Surface Disease Index.