Structural and Biomechanical Corneal Differences between Type 2 Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients
Table 1
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study population.
DM group ()
Non-DM group ()
Age (y)
72.38 ± 5.66
70.21 ± 6.45
0.0651
Female (n)
38 (63.3%)
30 (62.5%)
0.9293
Right eyes (n)
30 (50.0%)
19 (39.6%)
0.2803
BMI (kg/m2)
27.91 ± 4.01
27.97 ± 5.01
0.9431
Smoking history (n)
14 (23.3%)
18 (37.5%)
0.1093
HbA1c levels (%)
7.02 ± 1.13
5.54 ± 0.35
<0.0012
Duration of diabetes (y)
10.98 ± 8.03
n/a
n/a
DR stage (n)
NPDR absent
42 (70.0%)
NPDR mild-moderate
10 (16.7%)
n/a
n/a
NPDR severe-PDR
8 (13.3%)
Oral antidiabetic agents (n)
56 (93%)
n/a
n/a
Insulin treatment (n)
15 (25%)
n/a
n/a
Data were derived from 1independent samples t-test, 2Mann–Whitney U-test, and 3chi-squared test. Continuous variables are reported as mean ± standard deviation. represents statistical significance. DR, diabetic retinopathy; NPDR, nonproliferative DR; PDR, proliferative DR; n/a, not applicable; y, years.