Structural and Biomechanical Corneal Differences between Type 2 Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients

Table 1

Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study population.

	DM group ()	Non-DM group ()
Age (y)	72.38 ± 5.66	70.21 ± 6.45	0.065^1
Female (n)	38 (63.3%)	30 (62.5%)	0.929^3
Right eyes (n)	30 (50.0%)	19 (39.6%)	0.280^3
BMI (kg/m^2)	27.91 ± 4.01	27.97 ± 5.01	0.943^1
Smoking history (n)	14 (23.3%)	18 (37.5%)	0.109^3
HbA1c levels (%)	7.02 ± 1.13	5.54 ± 0.35	<0.001^2
Duration of diabetes (y)	10.98 ± 8.03	n/a	n/a
DR stage (n)
NPDR absent	42 (70.0%)
NPDR mild-moderate	10 (16.7%)	n/a	n/a
NPDR severe-PDR	8 (13.3%)
Oral antidiabetic agents (n)	56 (93%)	n/a	n/a
Insulin treatment (n)	15 (25%)	n/a	n/a

Data were derived from ¹independent samples t-test, ²Mann–Whitney U-test, and ³chi-squared test. Continuous variables are reported as mean ± standard deviation. represents statistical significance. DR, diabetic retinopathy; NPDR, nonproliferative DR; PDR, proliferative DR; n/a, not applicable; y, years.