Prevalence and Related Factors for Myopia in School-Aged Children in Qingdao

Table 5

Associations between myopia and possible risk factors.

Variables	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
	Odds ratio	95% CI	P	Odds ratio	95% CI	P
Age	1.43	1.34–1.52	0.012	1.23	1.18–1.27	<0.001
Sex
Boys	1			1
Girls	1.64	0.48–2.21	0.14	1.68	0.42–1.92	0.12
Parental myopia
None	1			1
One myopic	1.47	1.24–1.96	0.01	1.62	0.71–2.34	0.12
Two myopic	2.32	1.72–3.28	<0.001	2.58	1.76–3.46	<0.001
Near work distance (cm)
>30	1			1
20–30	1.27	1.02–1.54	<0.001	1.12	0.69–1.38	0.23
10–20	2.46	1.52–4.76	<0.001	1.76	0.49–2.74	0.18
0–10	1.29	1.08–1.54	0.04	1.21	0.84–1.41	0.32
Trend test			0.16			0.21
Near work time (h/d)	1.28	1.04–1.86	<0.001	1.42	0.79–2.04	0.16
Outdoor activity time (h/d)	0.67	0.46–0.78	0.03	0.74	0.53–0.92	<0.001
5 min rest after continuous near work time (min)
0–15	1			1
15–30	0.94	0.72–1.12	0.24	1.02	0.92–1.08	0.12
30–45	1.19	1.02–1.31	0.02	1.24	1.14–1.32	<0.001
45–60	1.36	1.12–1.49	<0.001	1.34	1.28–1.38	0.03
>60	2.12	1.76–2.72	<0.001	2.48	1.92–3.24	<0.001
Trend test			<0.001			<0.001

indicates a significant statistical significance ().