Nonsurgical Procedures for Keratoconus Management

Table 7

Contact-lens related complications (adverse events) in keratoconus eye.

Complications	Type of contact lens used	Rate (% eyes)
Discomfort/lens intolerance	RGPCL	3.9 to 32.7 [13, 35, 41]
	HCL	62.5 [112], 12.1 [113], 1.6 [107], 29.1 [108]
Unsatisfactory vision	RGPCL	15.6 [13]
	HCL	5 [112]
Corneal warpage	RGPCL	77 [33]
Alterations of the tear film	RGPCL	[68]
	ScCL	[131], 45 [125]
Difficulties with the lens manipulation	RGPCL	3.1 [13]
	HCL	12.1 [113]
	ScCL	[121]
Neovascularization	SCL SiH	3.2 [20]
Staining	SCL SiH [20]	4.26 [20]
	RGPCL	38 [139]
Injection	SCL SiH	2.13 [20]
	RGPCL	15 [139]
Superficial punctate keratitis	RGPCL	4.6 [13]
		0.002 [41]
Giant papillary conjunctivitis	RGPCL	11.8 [41]
	PBCL	4.6, 13.7 [92]
	HCL	11.5 [112], 25 [108]
Corneal erosion	RGPCL	7.5 [41]
	HCL	1.6 [112]
Corneal staining/SPK	PBCL	3.4 [92]
	HCL	3.2 [112]
Corneal vascularization	HCL	25 [108]
Lens damage/loss	PBCL	3.4 [92]
	HCL	3.2 [112], 29.1 [108]
Interleukin changes	PBCL	58.3 [97]
Keratocyte density	PBCL	58.3 [97]
Discontinuation CLs	HCL	9.1 [113]
Dry eye	HCL	4.9 [112], 4.7 [107]

SCL: soft contact lens; RGPCL: rigid gas permeable contact lens; PBCL: piggyback contact lens system; HCL: hybrid contact lenses; ScCL: scleral contact lens