Efficacy and Acceptability of Orthokeratology for Slowing Myopic Progression in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Characteristics of included trials.

Study

Design

Year

Ethnicity

Follow-up (years)

Measurements of AL

Treatment group

Control group

Type

Subjects

Age

Initial SER

Initial AL

Type

Subjects

Age

Initial SER

Initial AL

()

(years)

(D)

(mm)

()

(years)

(D)

(mm)

Cho et al. [16]

CT; (Nested)

2005

Chinese

2

A-Scan

Ok

43

9.57 ± 1.46

−2.27 ± 1.09

24.50 ± 0.71

SV

35

9.58 ± 0.69

−2.55 ± 0.98

24.64 ± 0.58

Walline et al. [17]

CT; (Nested)

2009

Caucasian

2

A-Scan

Ok

40

10.5 ± 1.1

NR

24.30 ± 0.73

SC

28

10.5 ± 1.0

NR

24.20 ± 0.63

Kakita et al. [18]

CT; (Prospective)

2011

Japanese

2

IOLMaster

Ok

90

12.0 ± 2.6

−2.55 ± 1.82

24.66 ± 1.11

SV

120

11.9 ± 2.1

−2.59 ± 1.66

24.79 ± 0.80

Cho and Cheung [19]

RCT; (Prospective)

2012

Chinese

2

IOLMaster

Ok

51

9.23 ± 1.06

−2.05 ± 0.72

24.48 ± 0.71

SV

51

9.39 ± 1.00

−2.23 ± 0.84

24.40 ± 0.84

Hiraoka et al. [20]

CT; (Prospective)

2012

Japanese

5

IOLMaster

Ok

58

10.04 ± 1.43

−1.89 ± 0.82

24.09 ± 0.77

SV

60

9.95 ± 1.59

−1.83 ± 1.06

24.22 ± 0.71

Santodomingo-Rubido  et  al. [21, 24]

CT; (Prospective)

2012

Caucasian

2

IOLMaster

Ok

31

9.6 ± 1.6

−2.20 ± 1.09

24.49 ± 0.78

SV

30

9.9 ± 1.9

−2.35 ± 1.17

24.26 ± 1.01

Charm and Cho [22]

RCT; (Prospective)

2013

Chinese

2

IOLMaster

PRok

26

10

−6.41

26.02 ± 0.57

SV

26

10

−6.22

25.93 ± 0.54

Chen et al. [23]

CT; (Prospective)

2013

Chinese

2

IOLMaster

Tok

43

9.4 ± 1.4

−2.46 ± 1.32

24.37 ± 0.88

SV

37

8.9 ± 1.6

−2.04 ± 1.09

24.18 ± 1.00

RCT = randomized controlled trial; CT = cohort trial; SER = spherical equivalent refraction; AL = axial length; Ok = orthokeratology contact lenses; PRok = partial reduction orthokeratology; Tok = toric orthokeratology; SV = single vision spectacles; SC = soft contact lenses; NR = not report.