Identification of Diabetic Retinopathy Genes through a Genome-Wide Association Study among Mexican-Americans from Starr County, Texas
Table 1
Basic characteristics of Mexican-Americans with type 2 diabetes from Starr County, Texas.
Variables
No DR + NPDR-
NPDR-S +
-
OR
(95%CI)
(controls )
(cases )
Age
.1988
1.01
(0.99–1.04)
Gender
Male
66 (36.07%)
43 (41.75%)
.3422
1.00
—
Female
117 (63.93%)
60 (58.25%)
0.79
(0.48–1.29)
Albumin
Negative
132 (74.58%)
57 (60.64%)
.0802
1.00
—
20 mg/L
22 (12.43%)
14 (14.89%)
1.47
(0.70–3.08)
50 mg/L
17 (9.60%)
17 (18.09%)
2.32
(1.10–4.86)
100 mg/L
6 (3.39%)
6 (6.38%)
2.32
(0.72–7.49)
Hypertension history
No
96 (54.24%)
59 (59.60%)
.3895
1.00
—
Yes
81 (45.76%)
40 (40.40%)
0.80
(0.49–1.32)
Diabetes duration (yrs)
.0001
1.08
(1.05–1.11)
HbA1C (%)
.0028
1.10
(1.03–1.18)
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)
.0883
1.03
(0.99–1.06)
BMI (kg/m2)
.2175
0.98
(0.94–1.02)
Systolic BP (mmHg)
.0037
1.21
(1.07–1.38)
(every 10 unit)
Diastolic BP (mmHg)
.6290
1.06
(0.84–1.35)
(every 10 unit)
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)
.1381
1.05
(0.99–1.11)
(every 10 unit)
Triglycerides (mg/dL)
.1031
1.02
(0.99–1.04)
(every 10 unit)
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)
.1153
0.83
(0.66–1.05)
(every 10 unit)
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)
.0790
1.08
(0.99–1.16)
No DR: normal or nondiabetic retinopathy; NPDR-E: early nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy NPDR-S: moderate-to-severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy; PDR: proliferative diabetic retinopathy -value of test or Student -test ---.