|
Genetic predisposition |
|
Family history of ARM |
Complement Factor H gene |
Apolipoprotein E gene |
LOC gene |
|
Cardiovascular disease |
|
Clinical Evidence of Atherosclerosis |
Angina/Heart attack/Stroke |
Subclinical evidence of atherosclerosis |
Carotid atherosclerosis |
Aortic atherosclerosis |
Cigarette smoking |
Diabetes mellitus |
Hypertension and associated disease |
Ischemic cerebral white matter changes |
Abnormalities of the retinal vasculature |
Cholesterol |
Total cholesterol |
Low-density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol |
High-density Lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol |
Obesity |
Female sex hormones |
Endogenous estrogen exposure |
Age at menarche |
Age at menopause |
Number of pregnancies |
Exogenous estrogen exposure |
Oral contraceptives |
Hormone replacement therapy |
Novel risk factors for atherosclerosis |
Lipid-related Factors |
Apolipoproteins |
Lipoproteins |
Inflammatory markers |
C-reactive protein |
Interleukins |
Serum Amyloid A |
Vascular and Cellular Adhesion Molecules |
White Blood Cell Count |
Homocysteine/Folate/Vitamin B12/Vitamin B6 |
Infectious agents |
Cytomegalovirus |
Helicobacter pylori |
Chlamydia pneumoniae |
|
Indicators of Inflammation |
|
Systemic Diseases with Inflammatory Components |
Gout |
Emphysema |
Anti-inflammatory Medications
|
NSAIDs |
Steroids |
Markers of Systemic Inflammation |
White Blood Cell Count |
Serum Albumin |
Plasma Fibrinogen |
C-reactive Protein |
Complement Factor H Y402H Polymorphism |
CRP Haplotype |
Serum Amyloid A |
Interleukin-6 |
Tumor Necrosis Factor- |
|
Markers of Endothelial Dysfunction |
|
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 |
E-Selectin |
|
Indicators of Oxidative Stress |
|
Anti-oxidants |
Vitamin C |
Vitamin E |
Vitamin A |
Carotenoids |
Lutein |
Zeaxanthin |
- and -Carotene |
-Cryptoxanthin |
Lycopene |
Enzymes |
Plasma Glutathione Peroxidase |
Superoxide Dismutase |
Trace Elements |
Zinc |
Pro-oxidant status |
Dietary fat intake |
Total fat |
Saturated fat |
Polyunsaturated fat |
Fish/Fish oils |
Visible Light Exposure |
Sunlight |
Ultraviolet-B |
|
Ocular Factors |
|
Refractive Error |
Emmetropia |
Myopia |
Hypermetropia |
Iris Color |
Cataract |
Nuclear Sclerosis |
Cortical Lens Opacities
|
Posterior Subcapsular Cataracts |
Cataract Surgery |
|
Miscellaneous Factors |
|
Alcohol Consumption |
Beer |
Wine |
Spirits |
Medication Use |
Estrogens |
Lipid-lowering Agents |
CNS Medications |
Non-steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Medications |
Anti-hypertensive Medications |
Coffee Consumption |
Frailty |
Physical Activity |
|