Review Article
Risk Factors for Age-Related Maculopathy
Table 16
Studies investigating the relationship between refractive error and risk for ARM.
| Study | No. of cases | Measure of risk factor | Type of ARM | Odds ratio or relative risk | 95% confidence interval |
| Cross-Sectional Studies | | | | | |
|
Blue Mountains Eye Study [263] | 3654 | Each diopter of increase in mean spherical equivalent | Early ARM | 1.1 | 1.0–1.2 | Late ARM | 1.0 | 0.9–1.1 |
|
Rotterdam Study [264] | 6209 | Each diopter of increase towards hypermetropia | Early ARM | 1.09 | 1.04–1.14 | Late ARM | 1.09 | 1.01–1.19 |
|
Beijing Eye Study [37] | 4439 | Hypermetropia | Early ARM | N/A | 1.1–1.34 | Late ARM | 0.76–1.05 |
| Prospective Studies | | | | | |
|
Blue Mountains Eye Study [265] | 2335 | Each diopter of increase in mean spherical equivalent | Early ARM | 1.1 | 0.98–1.15 | Late ARM | 1.1 | 0.9–1.2 |
|
Beaver Dam Eye Study [266] | 3684 | Hypermetropia +1.00 diopter or more | Early ARM | 0.86 | 0.62–1.19 (Right Eye) | 0.75 | 0.55–1.03 (Left Eye) | Late ARM | 2.09 | 0.30–14.49 (Right Eye) | 3.56 | 0.59–21.74 (Left Eye) |
|
Beaver Dam Eye Study [266] | 3306 | Hypermetropia +1.00 diopter or more | Early ARM | 0.9 | 0.7–1.1 | Late ARM | 1.2 | 0.6–2.3 |
| Rotterdam Study [264] | 4935 | Each diopter of increase towards hypermetropia | Early and late ARM | 1.05 | 1.01–1.10 |
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