Correlates of Overweight in Children and Adolescents Living at Different Altitudes: The Peruvian Health and Optimist Growth Study
Table 6
Multilevel modelling results: odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for child- and school-level characteristics.
IOTF
Parameters
Null model (M0)
Model 1 (M1)
Model 2 (M2)
Model 3 (M3)
Regression coefficients (fixed effects)
Level-1: child level
Intercept
0.18 (0.12–0.28)
5.71 (3.35–9.74)
1.23 (0.41–3.74)ns
33.48 (11.56–96.98)
Age
0.16 (0.14–0.18)
0.15 (0.14–0.18)
0.15 (0.14–0.17)
Sex (boys)a
2.71 (2.25–3.25)
2.74 (2.30–3.27)
2.94 (2.49–3.46)
Interaction (age-by-sex)
0.74 (0.70–0.78)
0.74 (0.70–0.78)
0.75 (0.72–0.79)
Maturity offset (yrs to PHV)
14.19 (12.00–16.78)
14.35 (12.14–16.97)
14.34 (12.12–16.96)
PFz
0.80 (0.76–0.84)
0.80 (0.76–0.84)
0.80 (0.76–0.83)
Geographical area of residence (high altitude)¤
0.08 (0.04–0.18)
Geographical area of residence (Amazon region)
1.50 (0.94–2.40)ns
Level-2: school level
Number of students†
1.02 (1.01–1.03)
0.97 (0.96–0.98)
School setting (urban)Ɵ
0.58 (0.32–1.05)ns
1.19 (0.81–1.74)ns
Existence policies or/and practices for physical activity (policies)∞
5.09 (2.61–9.94)
5.64 (3.37–9.45)
Existence policies or/and practices for physical activity (practices)
2.83 (1.83–4.38)
1.40 (1.01–1.93)
Playground area (without obstacles)£
1.67 (0.62–4.51)ns
0.09 (0.04–0.24)
Multisports-roofed (no)¥
2.44 (1.53–3.89)
0.40 (0.24–0.66)
Frequency of physical education classes (two)α
1.87 (0.43–8.19)ns
0.03 (0.01–0.13)
Duration of physical education classes (>90 min)§
3.02 (1.84–4.96)
4.16 (3.04–5.69)
Extracurricular activities (no)∆
0.59 (0.37–0.92)
0.82 (0.60–1.12)ns
Variance components (random effects)
Intercept
0.87 ± 0.30
1.07 ± 0.38
0.07 ± 0.03
0.00 ± 0.00
Model summary
Deviance
7927.97
6524.56
6480.93
6453.66
Number of estimated parameters
2
7
16
18
;ns = nonsignificant; agirls are the reference; ¤sea level is the reference; †divided by 10; Ɵmixed is the reference; ∞no policies and practices is the reference; £with obstacles is the reference; ¥yes is the reference; αone is the reference; §90 min is the reference; ∆yes is the reference. PFz = total physical fitness score.
