Child control (allow child control of eating behavior)
0.49
<0.001
0.77
Baseline
2.5 (2.3, 2.8)
2.7 (2.4, 3.0)
6 months
2.3 (2.0, 2.6)
2.2 (1.9, 2.5)
12 months
2.3 (2.0, 2.6)
2.3 (1.9, 2.6)
Emotion regulation (parent uses food to regulate emotion)
0.34
<0.001
0.62
Baseline
1.5 (1.2, 1.7)
1.7 (1.4, 2.0)
6 months
1.4 (1.1, 1.7)
1.3 (1.1, 1.5)
12 months
1.3 (1.1, 1.5)
1.2 (1.0, 1.3)
Encourage balance and variety in diet
0.009
0.001
0.12
Baseline
4.4 (4.2, 4.6)
4.3 (4.0, 4.5)
6 months
4.5 (4.2, 4.8)
4.3 (4.0, 4.5)
12 months
4.8 (4.6, 5.0)
4.5 (4.2, 4.7)
Environment (make healthy foods available in home)
0.22
<0.001
0.48
Baseline
3.7 (3.3, 4.1)
3.4 (3.0, 3.7)
6 months
4.4 (4.2, 4.7)
4.1 (3.8, 4.3)
12 months
4.3 (4.0, 4.5)
3.9 (3.6, 4.2)
Food as reward for behavior
0.17
<0.001
0.39
Baseline
2.4 (2.0, 2.8)
2.6 (2.2, 2.9)
6 months
1.8 (1.4, 2.1)
2.2 (1.7, 2.6)
12 months
2.0 (1.6, 2.4)
2.3 (1.8, 2.8)
Encourage child involvement in meal planning/preparation
0.45
<0.001
0.78
Baseline
3.1 (2.8, 3.5)
3.1 (2.7, 3.5)
6 months
3.6 (3.1, 4.1)
3.5 (3.1, 3.8)
12 months
3.6 (3.1, 4.1)
3.4 (3.0, 3.9)
Modeling (parent demonstrates healthy eating)
0.31
<0.001
0.53
Baseline
3.8 (3.5, 4.2)
3.7 (3.3, 4.1)
6 months
4.6 (4.2, 4.9)
4.4 (4.1, 4.7)
12 months
4.5 (4.2, 4.8)
4.2 (3.8, 4.6)
Monitoring (parent tracks less healthy foods)
0.82
0.24
0.96
Baseline
3.7 (3.3, 4.0)
3.5 (3.2, 3.9)
6 months
3.6 (3.1, 4.2)
3.3 (2.9, 3.8)
12 months
3.8 (3.4, 4.3)
3.6 (3.1, 4.1)
Pressure (parent pressures child to eat more food at meals)
0.63
0.006
0.65
Baseline
2.6 (2.2, 3.0)
2.2 (1.9, 2.5)
6 months
2.2 (1.8, 2.7)
2.2 (1.7, 2.6)
12 months
2.2 (1.7, 2.6)
1.9 (1.4, 2.4)
Restriction for health (parent controls intake to restrict less healthy foods)
0.11
0.05
0.04
Baseline
3.9 (3.5, 4.2)
3.7 (3.4, 4.1)
6 months
4.4 (4.1, 4.6)
3.8 (3.3, 4.3)
12 months
4.1 (3.7, 4.4)
4.0 (3.6, 4.4)
Restriction for weight control (parent controls intake to influence weight)
0.13
0.05
0.37
Baseline
2.8 (2.4, 3.2)
3.1 (2.7, 3.5)
6 months
3.3 (2.9, 3.7)
3.2 (2.8, 3.7)
12 months
3.3 (2.8, 3.7)
3.2 (2.7, 3.7)
Teaching about nutrition (explicit instruction to encourage healthy foods)
0.37
<0.001
0.21
Baseline
3.9 (3.5, 4.2)
3.6 (3.2, 3.9)
6 months
4.5 (4.2, 4.8)
4.0 (3.7, 4.4)
12 months
4.3 (4.0, 4.6)
4.2 (3.8, 4.5)
The CFPQ scales (range: 1–5) with higher scores indicating more agreement with the feeding behavior or higher frequency of the practice. Values are means (95% CIs); = 30, 23, and 21 in the parent mentor group and 30, 23, and 20 in the community health worker group at baseline and at 6 and 12 months, respectively. Linear mixed-model analysis on the entire study population; values are for the individual effects of group and time as well as their interaction. 0–6-month mean difference significance at a value < 0.05; 6–12-month mean difference significance at a value < 0.05; 0–12-month mean difference significance at a value < 0.05.
