Obesity and Metabolic Phenotypes (Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Variants) Are Significantly Associated with Prevalence of Elevated C-Reactive Protein and Hepatic Steatosis in a Large Healthy Brazilian Population
Table 2
Prevalence and odds ratios for vascular inflammation and hepatic steatosis across weight and metabolic risk factor based phenotypes.
Prevalence of Elevated hsCRP
Overall
Males only
Females only
(%)
UOR
AOR
(%)
UOR
AOR
(%)
UOR
AOR
Metabolically healthy normal weight (referent)
223 (12%)
1
1
96 (9%)
1
1
127 (16%)
1
1
Metabolically unhealthy normal weight
44 (17%)
1.51 (1.06–2.14)
2.00 (1.31–3.06)
35 (17%)
2.10 (1.38–3.20)
1.96 (1.23–3.11)
9 (18%)
1.10 (0.52–2.32)*
1.24 (0.58–2.63)*
Metabolically healthy obese
452 (22%)
2.11 (1.78–2.52)
2.45 (1.92–3.12)
335 (19%)
2.51 (1.97–3.19)
2.52 (1.94–3.27)
117 (40%)
3.32 (2.45–4.48)
3.59 (2.63–4.90)
Metabolically unhealthy obese
343 (25%)
2.46 (2.04–2.96)
2.89 (2.25–3.73)
283 (22%)
3.02 (2.36–3.86)
2.93 (2.24–3.84)
60 (56%)
6.40 (4.18–9.81)
7.84 (4.95–12.41)
Prevalence of Hepatic Steatosis
Overall
Males Only
Females Only
(%)
UOR
AOR
(%)
UOR
AOR
(%)
UOR
AOR
Metabolically healthy normal weight (referent)
152 (8%)
1
1
137 (13%)
1
1
15 (2%)
1
1
Metabolically unhealthy normal weight
70 (27%)
4.12 (2.99–5.68)
3.03 (2.12–4.32)
62 (30%)
2.94 (2.08–4.17)
2.60 (1.82–3.69)
8 (16%)
9.30 (3.7–23.15)
6.67 (2.59–17.18)
Metabolically healthy obese
805 (40%)
7.49 (6.20–9.05)
5.80 (4.72–7.13)
756 (71%)
5.50 (4.49–6.74)
5.30 (4.32–6.50)
49 (17%)
10.13 (5.58–18.40)
8.57 (4.67–15.73)
Metabolically unhealthy obese
952 (70%)
25.76 (21.04–31.54)
17.64 (14.14–22.01)
894 (71%)
17.03 (13.71–21.15)
15.18 (12.19–19.49)
58 (56%)
62.89 (33.08–119.56)
44.41 (22.81–86.49)
UOR: unadjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval). AOR: adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval), adjusted for age, gender, LDL, smoking history, and physical activity. (%) represents number and percentage of subjects with outcome of interest (steatosis or elevated hsCRP) among a specific phenotype (MHNW, MUNW, MHO or MUHO). value > 0.05. All other data has associated unless otherwise noted.
