Avoiding Weight Gain in Cardiometabolic Disease: A Systematic Review

Table 3

Weight results in studies of populations with or at risk for diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease.

Author, year; Intervention	Baseline	Baseline weight, mean (SD), kg	at 12 months	Weight, 12 months, mean (SD), kg	Change from baseline (95% CI)	Between-group difference in change from baseline at 12 months (95% CI), kg
Diet
Razquin et al., 2010 [24]^*
Minimal intervention	196	74.5 (11.8)			−0.10 (SE: 0.3)	Reference
Mediterranean-virgin olive oil	302	75.6 (11.9)			−0.21 (SE: 0.2)	−0.11
Mediterranean-mixed nuts	239	74.6 (10.3)			−0.07 (SE: 3.8)	0.02
Abraira et al., 1980 [16]
Standard diabetic diet		63.0			1.58	Reference
ADA diet		64.4			0.74	−0.8
Physical activity
Yates et al., 2010 [29]
Minimal intervention	26	82.7 (14.7)	26	81.9	−0.8 (−2.3 to 0.6)	Reference
Walking + pedometer	24	80.7 (17.2)	24	81.2	0.5 (−1.2 to 2.2)	1.4 (−0.8 to 3.5); = 0.199^†
Walking	24	82.8 (14.6)	24	82.3	−0.5 (−2.1 to 1.1)	0.3 (−1.85 to 2.45)^†
Anderssen et al., 1995 [17]
Usual care	43	89.3 (SE: 2.1)	43	90.4	1.1 (SE: 0.4)	Reference
Endurance exercise	49	89.7 (SE: 1.7)	49	88.8	−0.9 (SE: 0.7)	−2 (−3.4 to −0.6); = 0.007
Combination
Kumanyika et al., 2005 [22]
Usual care^‡	577
Self-mgmt + sodium reduction	582
Samaras et al., 1997 [26]
Usual care	13	98.2 (SE: 3.4)			0.79 (SE: 1.09)	Reference
Self-mgmt + aerobic exercise	13	83.0 (SE: 3.6)			0.14 (SE: 1.09)	−0.65 (−3.67 to 2.37)
Babazono et al., 2007 [19]
Minimal intervention	41	58.6 (9.1)	41	58.1 (8.8)	−0.5	Reference
Self-mgmt + diet + physical activity	46	58.5 (9.7)	46	57.1 (9.5)	−1.4	−0.9
Gram et al., 2010 [21]
Minimal intervention	22	99 (15)	20	98.8 (SE: 3.2)		Reference
Self-mgmt + aerobic exercise +   strength training	24	93.6 (14.8)	24	92.5 (SE: 3.2)		−1.26 (−3.61 to 1.09)
Self-mgmt + Nordic walking	22	88.9 (14.3)	21	87.1 (SE: 3.3)		−1.1 (−3.26 to 1.06)
Stefanick et al., 1998 [27]
All women		69.6 (10.5)
Usual care	45		45		0.8 (4.2)^‡‡	Reference
Aerobic exercise	43		43		−0.4 (2.5)	−1.2
NCEP step  2 diet	46		46		−2.7 (3.5)	−3.5; < 0.001^**
NCEP step  2 diet + aerobic    exercise	43		43		−3.1 (3.7)	−3.9; < 0.001^††
Stefanick et al., 1998 [27]
All men		84.2 (10.8)
Usual care	46		46		0.5 (2.7)^‡‡	Reference
Aerobic exercise	47		47		−0.6 (3.1)	−1.4
NCEP step  2 diet	49		49		−2.8 (3.5)	−3.6; < 0.001
NCEP step  2 diet + aerobic    exercise	48		48		−4.2 (4.2)	−5.0; < 0.001^***

SD: standard deviation; SE: standard error; mgmt.: management; NCEP: National Cholesterol Education Program.
^*36 mo body weight change (36 mo versus baseline for Arm 2 versus Arm 1): 0.20 kg (95% CI: −0.593 to 0.997 kg); = 0.618.
^†Adjusted for weight.
^‡Mean change from baseline at 36 mo (SD): 1.8 (5.3) kg.
Mean change from baseline at 36 mo (SD): 1.7 (2); mean between-group change at 36 mo: −0.1, SE: 0.31, = 0.75.
^** < 0.05 versus aerobic exercise arm.
^†† < 0.01 versus aerobic exercise arm.
^‡‡ < 0.001 from ANOVA comparing weight change across all 4 arms; values Bonferroni-adjusted.
< 0.05 versus aerobic exercise arm.
^*** < 0.001 versus aerobic exercise arm.