Mindfulness Intervention for Stress Eating to Reduce Cortisol and Abdominal Fat among Overweight and Obese Women: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Study
Table 2
Change from baseline for intention-to-treat and treatment efficacy analyses.
Outcome
Intention to treat
Treatment efficacy
N (t,c)
Treat M (SD)
Control M (SD)
Mean diff. (95% CI)
P
a
ESb
N (t,c)
Treat M (SD)
Control M (SD)
Mean diff. () (95% CI)
P
ES
Mindfulness-Aware
24 22
0.18 (0.5)
−0.06 (0.3)
0.24 (0.0–0.5)
.05
.56
19 21
0.25 (0.5)
−.07 (0.3)
0.31 (0.0–0.6)
.02
.72
Mindfulness-Observe
24 22
0.17 (0.5)
−.08 (0.3)
0.24 (0.0–0.5)
.04
.58
19 21
0.26 (0.5)
−0.08 (0.3)
0.34 (0.1–0.6)
.01
.85
Mindfulness-Describe
24 22
0.14 (0.5)
0.19 (0.5)
−0.06 (−0.4–0.3)
.71
−.12
19 21
0.17 (0.6)
0.20 (0.5)
0.0 (−0.4–0.3)
.86
−.05
Mindfulness-Accept
24 22
0.47 (0.7)
.06 (0.5)
0.41 (0.1−0.8)
.02
.66
19 21
0.60 (0.7)
0.07 (0.5)
0.54 (0.2–0.9)
.007
.83
Body responsiveness
24 22
0.27 (0.8)
−0.26 (1.0)
0.53 (0.0–1.1)
.056
.56
19 21
0.36 (0.9)
−0.27 (1.1)
0.63 (0.0–1.3)
.047
.63
Chronic stress
24 23
0.03 (0.5)
0.15 (0.5)
−0.12 (−0.4–0.2)
.39
−.26
19 21
0.02 (0.5)
0.16 (0.5)
−0.14 (−0.4–0.2)
.37
−.30
Perceived stress
24 23
−0.20 (0.5)
0.03 (0.6)
−0.23 (−0.6–0.1)
.16
−.41
19 21
−0.25 (0.5)
0.03 (0.6)
−0.29 (−0.7–0.9)
.14
−.51
Anxiety
24 23
−0.17 (0.4)
0.00 (0.3)
−0.17 (−0.4–0.0)
.097
−.49
19 21
−0.23 (0.4)
0.00 (0.4)
−0.23 (−0.5–.01)
.045
−.64
Restrained eating
24 22
0.10 (0.5)
−0.03 (0.5)
0.13 (−0.2–0.4)
.37
.28
19 21
0.06 (0.5)
−.03 (0.5)
0.09 (−0.2–0.4)
.56
.19
Emotional eating
24 22
−0.42 (0.4)
−0.21 (0.4)
−0.22 (−0.5– 03)
.09
−.52
19 21
−0.47 (0.5)
−0.22 (0.4)
−0.25 (-0.5–0.0)
.08
−.57
External eating
24 22
−0.33 (0.4)
−.09 (0.4)
−0.26 (−0.5–0.0)
.046
−.62
19 21
−0.41 (0.4)
−.09 (0.4)
−0.31 (−0.6–0.0)
.02
−.70
Cort awake rsp. (nmol/L)(nmol/L)
21 21
−3.7 (9.9)
−0.1 (8.4)
−3.6 (−9.3–2.1)
.21
−.39
15 17
−5.49 (11.1)
−0.10 (9.4)
−5.39 (−12.8–2.0)
.15
−.53
Cortisol slope (nmol/L)
21 21
1.2 (12.3)
0.9 (6.0)
0.25 (−5.8–6.3)
.93
.03
15 17
2.42 (14.3)
0.28 (5.8)
2.1 (−5.6–9.8)
.58
.20
Serum morn cortisol (ln)
24 23
0.00 (0.4)
−0.02 (0.4)
0.02 (−0.2–0.3)
.85
.05
18 18
.00 (0.5)
−.05 (0.5)
0.05 (−0.3–0.4)
.78
.10
Weight (kg)
24 23
−.03 (2.7)
0.38 (1.9)
−0.40 (−1.8–1.0)
.56
−.17
18 20
−.06 (3.1)
0.58 (1.9)
−0.64 (−2.3–1.0)
.45
−.26
Abdominal fat (g)
24 23
68.2 (318.9)
50.0 (305.4)
18.2 (−165.4–201.6)
.84
.06
17 20
54.4 (358.2)
41.6 (322.3)
12.8 (−214.3–239.9)
.91
.04
Trunk/Leg fat ratio
24 23
0.02 (0.1)
0.02 (0.1)
.00 (−.1–0.07)
.98
.01
17 20
0.03 (0.1)
0.02 (0.1)
0.01 (−0.1–0.1)
.79
.10
aP = P value of independent t-tests comparing mean changes over time between groups; bES = Cohen’s d effect size.
