Diagnostic pathways and therapeutic targets of tumors in humans are constantly evolving. Advances in molecular sciences offer new opportunities to clinicians working in this field. Digestive system cancers are common worldwide, and their treatment is more effective when the cancer is detected at an early stage.

It can be challenging task when the cancer is detected at a later stage. Clinical and pathological examinations help to differentiate tumors in terms of their degree of aggressiveness and help to make a treatment decision and to estimate chances of survival. However, individual risk stratification is also subject to some challenges. A genetic evaluation may be able to answer these questions and various methodologies can be used for this purpose. These investigations may involve working with tumour tissue, adjacent stroma tissue, and urine or blood samples.

The aim of this special Issue is to bring together original research articles and review articles that provide new insights into digestive system cancers. Submissions can include current and novel methodologies for prognosis, diagnosis and/or treatments.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Molecular pathology and signaling pathways in digestive system cancers
• Tumour microenvironment of digestive system cancers
• Treatment responses and prognosis in digestive system cancers
• Target drug discovery for digestive system cancers
• Efficacy of drug design and prevention of drug resistance for digestive system cancers
• Pharmacotherapy for digestive system cancers
• Precision medicine for digestive system cancers
• High-throughput technologies for instance omics technologies including genomics, epigenomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, microarray and next-generation sequencing for digestive system cancers
• Application of genomic and proteomic databases to improve prognosis, diagnosis and treatments in digestive system cancers
• Non-pharmacological treatment options for digestive system cancers