Research Article

Clinically Actionable Insights into Initial and Matched Recurrent Glioblastomas to Inform Novel Treatment Approaches

Table 3

Comparison of genes with SNVs identified in IDH-wildtype and IDH-mutant initial and recurrent tumours in the GBM cohort with those outlined by Barthel et al. [8], described for the five phases of gliomagenesis.

Gliomagenesis phasesPathwayCommon tumour genetic alterations (Barthel et al.)IDH wildtypeIDH-mutant
Barthel et al.GB-initialGB-recurrentGB-potentially pathogenic VUSBarthel et al.GB-initialGB-recurrentGB-potentially pathogenic VUSDiagnostic panel (Y/N)

I: initial growthIDHIDH1YIDH1IDH1YY
IDHIDH2IDH2Y
RbCDK6CDK6Y
RTK/Ras/PI(3)KEGFREGFREGFRYY
RTK/Ras/PI(3)KMETMETY
RTK/Ras/PI(3)KPDGFRAPDGFRAPDGFRAY
RTK/Ras/PI(3)KPIK3CAPIK3CAYY
RTK/Ras/PI(3)KPIK3R1PIK3R1YY
RTK/Ras/PI(3)KPTENPTENPTENYY
WNTTERTTERTTERTY
NF1Y
CTCFN
TET1N

II: oncogene-induced senescencep53TP53TP53TP53YTP53TP53YY
p53CDKN2ACDKN2ACDKN2AY
p53PPM1DPPM1DYY
RbRB1RB1Y
RTK/Ras/PI(3)KBRAFBRAFYY
CDKN2BCDKN2BY
ACVR1Y

III: stressed growthp53ATMATMATMYY
p53ATRATRYY
MYCY
CDK4Y
MDM2Y

IV: replicative senescence/crisisCHD5N
TREX1N
TerraN
RB1RB1Y
WNTTERTTERTTERTTERTY
p53TP53TP53TP53YTP53TP53YY
ATRX-ATRXY
DAXXYDAXXY

V: immortalisation and dedifferentiationOLIG2N
SOX2N

GB-SNVsG-proteinsGNASGNASGNASY
NOTCHNOTCH1Y
NOTCHNOTCH2Y
p53BRCA1BRCA1YY
p53BRCA2BRCA2BRCA2Y
p53BRPF3Y
p53MDM4Y
p53MSH2MSH2Y
p53MSH6YMSH6YY
p53RAD50Y
RTK/Ras/PI(3)KALKY
RTK/Ras/PI(3)KCDH1CDH1Y
RTK/Ras/PI(3)KCSF1RCSF1RCSF1RY
RTK/Ras/PI(3)KFGFR2YY
RTK/Ras/PI(3)KFGFR3Y
RTK/Ras/PI(3)KFGFR4Y
RTK/Ras/PI(3)KFOXO3Y
RTK/Ras/PI(3)KJAK2YY
RTK/Ras/PI(3)KKDRKDRY
RTK/Ras/PI(3)KKLK1KLK1YY
RTK/Ras/PI(3)KLZTR1Y
RTK/Ras/PI(3)KMYBYY
RTK/Ras/PI(3)KNTRK2Y
RTK/Ras/PI(3)KTSC2YTSC2YY
SHHPTCH1YY
SHHPTCH2Y
SHHSMOYY
WNTAPCAPCY
WNTCREBBPYCREBBPYY
WNTDICER1Y
WNTKLF4Y
WNTKMT2DY

Risk mutations related to heritable diseases (Barthel et al. [8])TERCN
OBFC1N
POT1N
RTEL1N
TERTTERTTERTTERTY
TP53TP53TP53YTP53TP53YY
NF1Y
NF2Y
CHK2 (CHEK2)CHEK2YY

Also included is a list of risk mutations related to heritable diseases. Genes identified with VUS that were possibly pathogenic in the GBM cohort are highlighted in bold.