| | Category | Inclusion criteria | Exclusion criteria |
| | Population | Human, dementia diagnosed according to guidelines or accepted criteria, no or constant medication | In vitro or animal model studies, self-diagnosis, asymptomatic Alzheimer’s disease |
| | Intervention | Dietary intervention with intake or dietary enrichment with MCT- or MCFA-containing products such as special oils, supplements, formula, or also foods such as coconut, mono- and multidose approaches, specific definition of the dosage available, and constant dosage1 | Ketogenic diets without MCT, ketone body salts, ketone body esters, change in dose, or new medication during the study |
| | Comparison | Controlled trials (placebo, standard diet without supplementation, or standard drug therapy), uncontrolled trials | Observational studies |
| | Outcomes | Efficacy or effectiveness in terms of cognitive, functional, and mental health using validated tools, disease progression and severity, plasma ketone body concentration, effects on metabolism, functionality, and physiology of the brain | No use of validated tools and outcomes that do not meet the inclusion criteria | | Secondary outcomes: side effects, impact on quality of life, compliance or adherence |
| | Types of studies | Fully completed and published studies, English or German language, no distinction made regarding the study design | Uncompleted and unpublished studies, languages other than English and German, reviews (narrative, scoping, systematic), meta-analyses, poster abstracts, in vitro or animal studies |
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