The Acute Impact of Ingestion of Sourdough and Whole-Grain Breads on Blood Glucose, Insulin, and Incretins in Overweight and Obese Men

Table 4

Incremental area under the curve for blood glucose, serum insulin, plasma GIP and GLP-1 responses to the ingestion of set amount of the test breads for 180 min (part 2)^{1, 2}.

	11-grain	Sprouted-grain	Sourdough	12-grain	White
Glucose (mM/L·min)	0.31^a±0.12	0.17^a±0.15	0.72^b±0.19	0.41^a±0.11	0.46^a±0.14
Insulin (nM/L * 180 min)	16.2^ac±2.1	12.7^ac±1.9	21.5^b±2.7	16.8^a±2.4	18.1^bc±3.4
GIP (nM/L * 180 min)	2.7^a±0.3	3.1^ab±0.3	3.5^bc±0.3	3.3^ac±0.4	4.0^b±0.7
GLP-1^3(pM/L * 180 min)	0.48^ab±0.2	0.83^a±0.3	−0.05^b±0.1	−0.19^b±0.5	0.07^ab±0.3

¹All values are mean (±SEM); (𝑛=11) except for GLP-1 (𝑛=10) because of technical problems.
²Mean values within a row with different superscript letters were significantly different (𝑃<0.05).
³Data was log transformed prior to statistical analysis and is presented as the geometric mean ± SEM.