The Acute Impact of Ingestion of Sourdough and Whole-Grain Breads on Blood Glucose, Insulin, and Incretins in Overweight and Obese Men

Table 3

Incremental area under the curve for blood glucose, serum insulin, plasma GIP and GLP-1 after ingestion of 50 g available CHO of the test breads for 180 min (part 1)^{1, 2}.

	11-grain	Sprouted-grain	Sourdough	12-grain	White
Glucose (mM/L·min)	0.64^a±0.04	0.22^b±0.17	0.66^a±0.16	0.26^bc±11.0	0.51^ac±0.17
Insulin (nM/L * 180 min)	31.6^a±6	30.4^a±5	21.4^b±3.3	25.9^ab±6.8	24.1^b±4.5
GIP (nM/L * 180 min)	3.2±0.4	3.7±0.3	3.6±0.4	3.6±0.4	3.3±0.2
GLP-1^3 (nM/L * 180 min)	0.58±0.23	0.57±0.32	−0.04±0.16	0.38±0.2	0.41±0.31

¹All values are mean (±SEM); (𝑛=12) except for GLP-1 (𝑛=11) because of technical problems.
²Mean values within a row with different superscript letters were significantly different (𝑃<0.05).
³Data was log-transformed prior to statistical analysis and is presented as the geometric mean ± SEM.