Healthy Eating Index and Alternate Healthy Eating Index among Haitian Americans and African Americans with and without Type 2 Diabetes
Table 3
Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) score components by ethnicity and diabetes status.
Component
Criteria
Ethnicity
Diabetes status
Minimum score of 0a
Maximum score of 10a
AA
HA
P
Without diabetes
With type 2 diabetes
P
Vegetables (s/d)
0
5
5.5 ± 3.0
7.5 ± 2.9
.001
6.5 ± 3.1
6.5 ± 3.1
.980
Fruits (s/d)
0
4
5.4 ± 3.1
6.1 ± 3.3
.013
6.2 ± 3.3
5.4 ± 3.2
.004
Nuts and soy proteins (s/d)
0
1
3.5 ± 3.4
4.4 ± 3.7
.003
4.4 ± 3.5
3.6 ± 3.6
.003
Ratio of white to red meat
0
4
3.8 ± 2.9
7.3 ± 3.3
.001
5.7 ± 3.5
5.6 ± 3.5
.913
Cereal fiber (g/d)
0
15
4.7 ± 3.6
5.5 ± 3.7
.014
4.7 ± 3.6
5.5 ± 3.8
.016
Trans fat (% of total energy)
≥4
≤.5
8.2 ± 1.2
9.4 ± 0.8
.001
8.9 ± 1.1
8.7 ± 1.1
.151
P : S Fat
≤.1
≥1
6.5 ± 1.9
7.5 ± 2.1
.001
7.2 ± 2.1
6.8 ± 2.0
.041
Duration of MVI useb
<5 years
≥5 years
3.5 ± 2.0
2.9 ± 1.4
.001
3.3 ± 1.8
3.1 ± 1.6
.243
Alcohol (s/d)c
M: 0 or >3.5 W: 0 or >2.5
M:1.5–2.5 W: 0.5–1.5
1.5 ± 2.7
0.8 ± 1.9
.003
1.3 ± 2.6
0.9 ± 2.0
.057
Total AHEI score
2.5
87.5
42.4 ± 12.6
51.4 ± 12.6
.001
48.2 ± 14
46.2 ± 13
.120
AHEI: Alternate Healthy Eating Index; AA: African American; HA: Haitian American; MVI: multivitamin intake; P : S Fat: polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids ratio; s/d: servings per day; M: men; W: women.
aIntermediate intakes were scored proportionally.
bFor multivitamins, the minimum score was 2.5 and the maximum score was 7.5 (dichotomized).
cBeer, wine, and liquor. Note: Table adapted from USDA Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion. P values are based on the Student t-test and are unadjusted. Scores are means ± SD.
