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Natural compound(s) | Formulation(s) developed | Pathogen(s) | Result(s) | Model of study(s) | References |
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Ajwain essential oil | PEGylated niosome | Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli | Reduction in MIC value of ajwain essential oil, no toxicity for human fibroblast cells, good cell transfection | In vitro | [129] |
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Tea tree essential oil | Niosomal gel | S. aureus, Candida albicans | Increased antibacterial properties in comparison with conventional gel, excellent spreadability, and release profile | In vitro | [130] |
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Myrtle essential oil | Niosome | S. aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Serratia marcescens, Bacillus subtilis | Enhancing antibacterial activity of free drug | In vitro | [44] |
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Lippia citriodora essential oil | Niosome | S. aureus, E. coli | Increasing the diameter of the inhibition zone, antioxidant activity | In vitro | [131] |
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Rosmarinic acid | Niosomal gel | S. aureus, Propionibacterium acnes | Significant antimicrobial activity, reduction in CFU of pathogen in infected skin, no skin irritation | In vitro, in vivo | [132] |
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Berberine | Niosomal gel | S. aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, B. subtilis, C. albicans | Increasing antimicrobial activity of free drug, good release profile | In vitro | [43] |
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Thymol | Niosome embedded collagen/calcium scaffold | S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa | Sustained-drug release from composite scaffolds, improving cell viability against human fibroblasts, high antibacterial potential | In vitro | [133] |
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Propolis | Niosomal gel | S. aureus, C. albicans | Lower MIC value of niosomal formulation compared to ethanolic solution of propolis, enhancing drug deposition in skin layers | In vitro, ex vivo | [134] |
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Trans-ferulic acid | Niosome | S. aureus, E. coli, Acinetobacter baumannii | Improving the MBC value of drug, increasing the viability of HFF cell line, antioxidant activity | In vitro | [47] |
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Glycyrrhiza glabra, Hedera helix extracts | Niosomal temperature and pH stimuli system | S. aureus, E. coli | Enhancing the drug antibacterial potential with reduction in MIC and MBC values, good cell transfection | In vitro, in vivo | [135] |
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Curcumin | Niosomal gel, niosomal chitosan gel | S. aureus, E. coli | Sustained release profile, suitable gelling and rheological characteristics, the synergistic activity with gentamycin | In vitro | [104] |
Niosomal gel, niosomal chitosan gel | S. aureus, P. aeruginosa | Decreasing the MIC and MBC values of curcumin, the synergistic activity with copper/silver nanoparticles, high antibiofilm potential | In vitro | [136] |
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Coconut oil | Niosome | S. aureus | High inhibitory effect against MDR strains | In vitro | [137] |
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Mangosteen extract | Niosome incorporated in alginate/pectin hydrogel | S. aureus, S. epidermidis | Increasing antibacterial activity of free drug, no toxicity for fibroblasts and red blood cells, good physical characteristics | In vitro, in vivo | [45] |
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Tannic acid | Niosome | S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae | Downregulating the biofilm gene expression, controlled inhibition of bacterial growth | In vitro | [46] |
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